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Catalytic hosts with strong adsorption strength for long shelf-life lithium-sulfur batteries under lean electrolyte

Siyuan Zhao1, Huayu Pei1, Quan Yang1, Kangli Liu1,2, Yuanyuan Huang1,2, Zhuo Wang1,2, Guosheng Shao1,2 ( ), Jinping Liu3 ( ), Junling Guo1( )
State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute, Xingyang 450100, China
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Graphical Abstract

Enhancing the adsorption strength of catalytic hosts toward polysulfides (PSs) is critical for long shelf-life lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) under lean electrolyte, as the weak adsorption strength of frequently-used catalytic hosts cannot inhibit the disproportionation of PSs, leading to a serious “shuttle effect” that cannot be suppressed with a limited adsorption area.

Abstract

Low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) is an important factor in increasing the energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Recently, the E/S has been widely lowered using catalytic hosts that can suppress “shuttle effect” during cycling by relying on a limited adsorption area. However, the shelf-lives of these cathodes have not yet received attention. Herein, we show that the self-discharge of sulfur cathodes based on frequently-used catalytic hosts is serious under low E/S because the “shuttle effect” during storage process caused by polysulfides (PSs) disproportionation cannot be suppressed using a limited adsorption area. We further prove that the adsorption strength toward PSs, which is unfortunately weak in commonly-used catalytic hosts, is critical for effectively hindering the disproportionation of the PSs. Subsequently, to verify this conclusion, we prepare a sulfur-doped titanium nitride (S-TiN) catalytic array host. As the adsorption strength and catalytic activity of TiN can be improved by S doping simultaneously, the constructed S/S-TiN cathodes under a low E/S (6.5 μL·mg−1) exhibit better shelf-life and cycle-stability than those of S/TiN cathodes. Our work suggests that enhancing the adsorption strength of catalytic hosts, while maintaining their function to reduce E/S, is crucial for practical LSBs.

Keywords

lithium-sulfur batterylow electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S)self-dischargecatalytic hostadsorption strength

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 427-438
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4662-2
Cite this article:
Zhao S, Pei H, Yang Q, et al. Catalytic hosts with strong adsorption strength for long shelf-life lithium-sulfur batteries under lean electrolyte. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 427-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4662-2
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Received: 21 April 2022
Revised: 25 May 2022
Accepted: 14 June 2022
Published: 06 August 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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