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Research Article

Modulator-directed assembly of hybrid composites based on metal-organic frameworks and upconversion nanoparticles

Yanhui Feng1,2, Xingjun Li1,2( ), Shan Lu1, Renfu Li1, Zhongliang Gong1, Xiaoying Shang1, Yifan Pei1,4, Wei Zheng1, Datao Tu1, Xueyuan Chen1,2,3,4( )
CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
College of chemistry, Fuzhou university, Fuzhou 350108, China
Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Graphical Abstract

A strategy has been developed to synthesize a series of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@upconversion nanoparticle (ZIF-8@UCNP) composites via a modulator-directed in situ assembly. Ethylenediamine was firstly used as a modulator to fine-tune the predominant metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) facets and realize distinct morphologies of the composites.

Abstract

Hybrid composites made of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted considerable interest for their synergistically enhanced functions in various applications such as chemical sensing, photocatalysis, anticounterfeiting and nanomedicine. However, precise assembly of MOF/UCNP hybrid composites with tunable morphologies remains a challenge due to the lack of effective synthetic methods and fundamental understanding of the growth mechanisms. Herein, we propose a modulator-directed assembly strategy to synthesize a series of ZIF-8@UCNP composites (ZIF-8 = zeolitic imidazolate framework-8). The UCNPs densely paved on the surface of ZIF-8 microcrystals and endowed the composites with intense upconversion blue emission, which were verified by steady-state/transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and single-particle imaging. Ethylenediamine (EDA) was firstly used as a modulator to fine-tune the predominant MOF facets and realized distinct morphologies of the composites. By adjusting the concentration of EDA from 0 to 25 mmol/L, the morphology of the ZIF-8@UCNP composites was tuned from rhombic dodecahedron (RD) to truncated rhombic dodecahedron (TRD), cube with truncated edges (CTE), cube, and finally a unique form of interpenetration twins (IT). The nucleation and growth process of the ZIF-8@UCNP composites was monitored by time-dependent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the formation mechanism was thoroughly revealed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the strategy for assembly of morphology-controllable ZIF-8@UCNP composites was generally applicable to various UCNPs with different sizes and shapes. The proposed strategy is expected to open up new avenues for the controllable synthesis of MOF/UCNP composites toward diverse applications.

Keywords

metal-organic frameworksupconversion nanoparticleshybrid compositesethylenediaminemodulator

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 1482-1490
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4684-9
Cite this article:
Feng Y, Li X, Lu S, et al. Modulator-directed assembly of hybrid composites based on metal-organic frameworks and upconversion nanoparticles. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 1482-1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4684-9
Topics:
NanocompositesStructural design

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Received: 17 March 2022
Revised: 17 May 2022
Accepted: 21 June 2022
Published: 06 August 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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