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Research Article

Fabrication of plasmonic nanopyramidal array as flexible SERS substrate for biosensing application

Anindita Das1, Udit Pant2, Cuong Cao2,3, Rakesh S. Moirangthem1( ), Hitesh Bhanudas Kamble4
Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, India
Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare, Queen’s University of Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
IITB Nanofabrication Facility, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay-400076, India
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Graphical Abstract

Gold-coated flexible polymer-based plasmonic nanopyramids were fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for detection of trace dye molecules and hemoglobin proteins.

Abstract

The proposed work aims to develop a sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nano-biosensor. The inverted nano pyramid array on silicon substrate fabricated using electron beam lithography (EBL) was utilised as a master template and the mold was later replicated via nanoimprinting process to prepare gold-coated polymer nanopyramid three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate. The fast and versatile replication process using nanoimprinting lithography (NIL) can produce polymer nanopyramids in a low-cost and reproducible fashion. Also, the proposed fabrication protocol can be easily upscale for large scale fabrication. The intense electric field confinement at nanotips and four edges of gold-coated polymer nanopyramid enhanced the Raman signal of probe molecules, i.e., Rhodamine 6G with a limit of detection down to 3.277 × 10−9 M was achieved. This work also underlines the efficiency of gold-coated polymer nanopyramid arrays in the spectral detection of hemoglobin proteins at low concentrations. The Raman signal enhancement mechanism was further studied through the electromagnetic simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics. In addition, bending test experiments were performed to understand the effect of flexibility on SERS signal response. The fabricated gold-coated polymer nanopyramids arrays could pave the way for the development of low-cost SERS platforms for the detection of hazardous biological and chemical compounds at ultra-low concentrations in practical applications.

Keywords

nanopyramidssurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)flexiblehemoglobin proteinnanoimprintingreplica molding

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 1132-1140
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4745-0
Cite this article:
Das A, Pant U, Cao C, et al. Fabrication of plasmonic nanopyramidal array as flexible SERS substrate for biosensing application. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 1132-1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4745-0
Topics:
Nano detection

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Received: 05 May 2022
Revised: 04 July 2022
Accepted: 05 July 2022
Published: 27 July 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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