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Research Article

Modulating planarity of cyanine dye to construct highly stable H-aggregates for enhanced photothermal therapy

Kai Wei, Yanxin Wu, Pengyu Li, Xian Zheng, Chendong Ji( ), Meizhen Yin( )
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Graphical Abstract

A quinoline cyanine (QCy) with symmetrical rigid planar quinoline structures was synthesized and self-assembled into stable H-aggregated nanoparticles (QCy NPs), showing high photostability and significantly enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE, from 20.1% to 63.8%). With mitochondrial anchoring ability, QCy NPs in low-doses achieve successes in photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor photothermal therapy (PTT).

Abstract

Self-assembly of dyes has become a flexible strategy to modulate their photophysical properties. H-aggregates show great potential to increase heat generation, while the precise designing of H-aggregates as efficient photothermal agents is still challenging. Herein, a quinoline cyanine (QCy) is developed for constructing stable H-aggregated nanoparticles (NPs) to significantly enhance photostability and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). With symmetrical rigid planar quinoline structures, QCy has a small and symmetrical dihedral angle (11.9°), which ensures excellent molecular planarity. In aqueous solution, the planar QCy can form close π–π molecular stacking, and fast self-assemble into stable H-aggregates even at low concentrations (1 × 10−7 M). QCy H-aggregates are sphere-like NPs (QCy NPs) with an average diameter of 120 nm and exhibit high stability. H-aggregation of QCy significantly enhances PCE from 20.1% (non-H-aggregated QCy) to 63.8% (QCy NPs). In addition, the positive charge of quaternarized quinoline provides mitochondrial anchoring ability, which further enhances the photothermal effect. With high PCE and tumor accumulation, QCy NPs in low-doses have been successfully used in photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor photothermal therapy.

Keywords

H-aggregation-enhanced photothermal effectmolecular planarityquinoline cyaninemitochondrial anchoringlow-dose

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 970-979
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4818-0
Cite this article:
Wei K, Wu Y, Li P, et al. Modulating planarity of cyanine dye to construct highly stable H-aggregates for enhanced photothermal therapy. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 970-979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4818-0
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Nano biology

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Received: 26 June 2022
Revised: 25 July 2022
Accepted: 25 July 2022
Published: 26 August 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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