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Research Article

Local probing of the non-uniform distribution of ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases

Huimin Qiao1,2, Fangping Zhuo3( ), Zhen Liu3, Jinxing Wang4, Jeongdae Seo5, Chenxi Wang1, Jinho Kang1, Bin Yang6, Yunseok Kim1,2( )
School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
Department of Physics, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Graphical Abstract

The local electromechanical responses of the ferrielectric phase at low and high voltages are demonstrated using piezoresponse force microscopy. A non-uniform distribution of ferrielectric and antiferroelectric states is observed, and a spatial map of the distribution is provided.

Abstract

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an indispensable tool in the investigation of local electromechanical responses and polarization switching. The acquired data provide spatial information on the local disparity of polarization switching and electromechanical responses, making this technique advantageous over macroscopic approaches. Despite its widespread application in ferroelectrics, it has rarely been used to investigate the ferrielectric (FiE) behaviors in antiferroelectric (AFE) materials. Herein, the PFM was utilized to study the local electromechanical behavior and distribution of FiE, and the AFE phases of PbZrO3 thin-film were studied, where only the FiE behavior is observable using a macroscopic approach. The FiE region resembles a ferroelectric material at low voltages but exhibits a unique on-field amplitude response at high voltages. In contrast, the AFE region only yields an observable response at high voltages. Phase-field simulations reveal the coexistence of AFE and FiE states as well as the phase-transition processes that underpin our experimental observations. Our work illustrates the usefulness of PFM as an analytical tool to characterize AFE/FiE materials and their phase-coexistence behavior, thereby providing insights to guide property modification and potential applications.

Keywords

scanning probe microscopyferrielectricsantiferroelectricslocal electromechanical response

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 2,
February 2023
Pages 3021-3027
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4908-z
Cite this article:
Qiao H, Zhuo F, Liu Z, et al. Local probing of the non-uniform distribution of ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases. Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 3021-3027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4908-z
Topics:
Atomic force microscopyScanning probe microscopy

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Received: 25 April 2022
Revised: 28 July 2022
Accepted: 16 August 2022
Published: 14 September 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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