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Research Article

Nanoporous black silver film with high porosity for efficient solar steam generation

Bin Yu1Yan Wang2Ying Zhang1Zhonghua Zhang1( )
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, West Road of Nan Xinzhuang 336, Jinan 250022, China
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Graphical Abstract

Compared with traditional metal-based photothermal materials, self-supporting nanoporous Ag film fabricated by one-step dealloying of extremely dilute Al99Ag1 alloy features high porosity, light weight, ultrafine ligaments, as well as strong broadband absorption over 200‒2,500 nm. The designed evaporation system with the NP-Ag film exhibits good solar steam generation performance and seawater desalination ability.

Abstract

Given the challenges brought by the shortage of freshwater resources, solar water evaporation has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for harnessing abundant sunlight to harvest clean water from the sea. Nanostructured metals have attracted extensive attention in solar water evaporation due to their localized surface plasmon resonance effect, but highly porous metallic films with high evaporation efficiency are challenging. Herein, a self-supporting black nanoporous silver (NP-Ag) film was fabricated by dealloying of an extremely dilute Al99Ag1 alloy. The choice of the dilute precursor guarantees the formation of the NP-Ag film with high porosity (96.5%) and low density (0.3703 g·cm–3, even smaller than the lightest metal lithium). The three-dimensional ligament-channel network structure and the nanoscale (14.6 nm) of ligaments enable the NP-Ag film to exhibit good hydrophilicity and broadband absorption over 200‒2,500 nm. More importantly, the solar evaporator based on the NP-Ag film shows efficient solar steam generation, including the efficiency of 92.6%, the evaporation rate of 1.42 kg·m–2·h–1 and good cycling stability under one sun irradiation. Moreover, the NP-Ag film exhibits acceptable seawater desalination property with the ion rejection for Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and Na+ more than 99.3%. Our findings could provide a new idea and inspiration for the design and fabrication of metal-based photothermal films in real solar evaporation applications.

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Nano Research
Pages 5610-5618
Cite this article:
Yu B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Nanoporous black silver film with high porosity for efficient solar steam generation. Nano Research, 2023, 16(4): 5610-5618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5068-x
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Received: 09 June 2022
Revised: 18 September 2022
Accepted: 19 September 2022
Published: 30 September 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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