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Research Article|Open Access
Local structure and magnetic properties of a nanocrystalline Mn-rich Cantor alloy thin film down to the atomic scale
Alevtina Smekhova1(), Alexei Kuzmin2, Konrad Siemensmeyer1, Chen Luo1,3, James Taylor1,3, Sangeeta Thakur4, Florin Radu1, Eugen Weschke1, Ana Guilherme Buzanich5, Bin Xiao6, Alan Savan6, Kirill V. Yusenko5, Alfred Ludwig6
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Berlin D-12489, Germany
Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1063, Latvia
Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), Berlin D-12489, Germany
Institut für Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum D-44801, Germany
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Graphical Abstract
Multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Xray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)) with hard and soft X-rays was employed to explore structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a high-entropy Cantor alloy thin film down to the atomic scale. The details of the face-centered cubic (fcc) local crystallographic environment, the absence of secondary phases and the component-dependent lattice displacements were clarified using the reverse Monte Carlo analysis of EXAFS spectra. The element-specific magnetic behavior of surface atoms probed by XMCD complements the macroscopic characterization done by conventional magnetometry.
Abstract
The huge atomic heterogeneity of high-entropy materials along with a possibility to unravel the behavior of individual components at the atomic scale suggests a great promise in designing new compositionally complex systems with the desired multi-functionality. Herein, we apply multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD)) to probe the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of all individual constituents in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)-structured nanocrystalline thin film of Cr20Mn26Fe18Co19Ni17 (at.%) high-entropy alloy on the local scale. The local crystallographic ordering and component-dependent lattice displacements were explored within the reverse Monte Carlo approach applied to EXAFS spectra collected at the K absorption edges of several constituents at room temperature. A homogeneous short-range fcc atomic environment around the absorbers of each type with very similar statistically averaged interatomic distances (2.54–2.55 Å) to their nearest-neighbors and enlarged structural relaxations of Cr atoms were revealed. XANES and XMCD spectra collected at the L2,3 absorption edges of all principal components at low temperature from the oxidized and in situ cleaned surfaces were used to probe the oxidation states, the changes in the electronic structure, and magnetic behavior of all constituents at the surface and in the sub-surface volume of the film. The spin and orbital magnetic moments of Fe, Co, and Ni components were quantitatively evaluated. The presence of magnetic phase transitions and the co-existence of different magnetic phases were uncovered by conventional magnetometry in a broad temperature range.
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