Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, China
State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun 130022, China
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
§ Yong Cheng and Bingbing Chen contributed equally to this work.
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Limited by low ICE and poor stability, the practical application of SnO2-based anode materials is still challenging. In this work, a unique robust Co-NC shell derived from ZIF-67 is introduced, in which the transited metallic Co nanoparticles could accelerate the reaction kinetics, including the conversion process from SnO2 to Sn and Li2O and the collapse of the electrode material resulted from huge volume changes during the alloyed Sn with alkaline ions. As a result, the SnO2@Co-NC electrode achieves a more complete and efficient transfer between SnO2 and Sn phases, possessing a potential to achieve high alkaline-ion (Li+/Na+/K+) storages.
Abstract
SnO2-based anode materials have attracted much attention due to high capacity and relatively mild voltage platforms. However, limited by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor stability, its practical application is still challenging. Recently, it has been found that compositing carbon or metal particles with SnO2 is an effective strategy to achieve high alkaline-ion storages. Although this strategy may improve the kinetics and ICE of the electrochemical reaction, the specific mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. In this work, we found that the invalidation SnO2 may go through two steps: 1) the conversion process from SnO2 to Sn and Li2O; 2) the collapse of the electrode material resulted from huge volume changes during the alloyed Sn with alkaline ions. To address these issues, a unique robust Co-NC shell derived from ZIF-67 is introduced, in which the transited metallic Co nanoparticles could accelerate the decomposition of Sn-O and Li-O bonds, thus expedite the kinetics of conversion reaction. As a result, the SnO2@Co-NC electrode achieves a more complete and efficient transfer between SnO2 and Sn phases, possessing a potential to achieve high alkaline-ion (Li+/Na+/K+) storages.
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