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Research Article

Hierarchical polypyrrole@cobalt sulfide-based flexible on-chip microsupercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density for self-charging system

Yan Zhao1,2( ), Jihua Zheng2, Jing Yang2, Wenjie Liu2, Fen Qiao2, Jiabiao Lian2, Guochun Li2, Tao Wang4, Jiangwei Zhang1( ), Limin Wu1,3( )
College of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Graphical Abstract

Ultrahigh energy density flexible on-chip supercapacitors and self-charging system based on unique polypyrrole@cobalt sulfide are investigated. The joint contribution of each component for enhanced reaction kinetics is verified by experimental results and theoretical calculations.

Abstract

Herein, we prepare the unique hierarchical polypyrrole@cobalt sulfide (PPy-hs@CoS) hollow sphere-based nanofilms as interdigitated electrodes for flexible on-chip micro-supercapacitors (MSC). Benefiting from the excellent flexibility and high electrical conductivity of PPy-hs combined with the great electrochemical activity of CoS, such PPy-hs@CoS composite material can not only inhibit the volume expansion of PPy but also promote the diffusion of the electrolyte ions. The PPy-hs@CoS film-based electrode delivers a greatly improved specific capacitance and small resistance. Density functional theory calculations infer that OH− prefers to bind to PPy on CoS@PPy and confirms the synergistic effect of each component for enhanced reaction kinetics. A quasi-solid-state on-chip flexible asymmetric MSC based on PPy-hs@CoS and activated carbon (AC) microelectrodes exhibits large areal-specific capacitance (131.9 mF/cm2 at 0.3 mA/cm2), ultrahigh energy density (0.041 mWh/cm2@0.224 mW/cm2 and 25.6 mWh/cm3@140.6 mW/cm3), and long cycle lifespan. We demonstrate the possibility to scale up the PPy-hs@CoS nanofilm microelectrode by arranging two of our asymmetric MSC in series and parallel connections, which respectively increase the output voltage and current. A self-charging system by connecting our asymmetric MSCs with a piece of commercial solar cells is developed as a potential possible mode for future highly durable and high-voltage integrated electronics.

Keywords

polypyrrolecobalt sulfideadsorption energyon-chip micro-supercapacitorself-charging device

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 1,
January 2023
Pages 555-563
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5201-x
Cite this article:
Zhao Y, Zheng J, Yang J, et al. Hierarchical polypyrrole@cobalt sulfide-based flexible on-chip microsupercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density for self-charging system. Nano Research, 2023, 16(1): 555-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5201-x
Topics:
Supercapacitor

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Received: 08 August 2022
Revised: 01 October 2022
Accepted: 13 October 2022
Published: 10 November 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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