Trace nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous biochar nanospheres: Waste corn roots derived superior adsorbents for high concentration single and mixed organic dyes removal
Department of Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Trace N-doped hierarchical porous biochar nanospheres (specific surface area: 2,745.4 m2·g−1) are obtained for the first time via a mild activation of the waste corn roots derived hydrothermal carbon (CHC) in the presence of K2CO3 (KC) and melamine, which exhibit superior removal efficiency for cationic rhodamine B (RhB, qm = 1,630.7 mg·g−1), anionic Congo red (CR, qm = 1,766.2 mg·g−1), and also their mixtures within a wide esp. high initial concentration range (> 50, esp. 250–1,500 mg·L−1).
Abstract
Seeking high performance adsorbents for highly efficient treatment of wastewater containing organic dyes has become increasingly imperative worldwide. Herein, with a specific surface area (SSA) of 2,745.4 m2·g−1, trace N-doped porous biochar nanospheres (NPBs) are derived for the first time from affluent waste corn roots, via a hydrothermal conversion followed by a mild calcined activation by K2CO3 (KC) in the presence of low virulent melamine. Melamine acts as N source and synergistic activator for significant promotion in SSA, pore volume, and surface defects. The obtained NPBs (CHC-0.5N-4KC-900) are confirmed as superior adsorbents for removal of organic dyes rhodamine B (RhB, qm = 1,630.7 mg·g−1) and Congo red (CR, qm = 1,766.2 mg·g−1) as well as their mixtures, within not only a low (< 50 mg·L−1) but also a high (> 50, esp. 250–1500 mg·L−1) concentration range. The values for qm are far beyond commercially activated carbon (AC) as well as most reported biomass derived carbons, undoubtedly revealing the NPBs as great promising candidate adsorbents for disposal of real industrial wastewater. In addition, the adsorption of RhB is fitted by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The kinetic analysis indicates that the adsorption before equilibrium conforms to the pseudo-second-order model, and the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and esp. π–π interaction have contributed to the superior adsorption performance of the NPBs.
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Wang L, Li H, Li M, et al. Trace nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous biochar nanospheres: Waste corn roots derived superior adsorbents for high concentration single and mixed organic dyes removal. Nano Research, 2023, 16(2): 1846-1858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5248-8
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