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Review Article | Open Access

Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators

Jinbo Pang1,§( )Songang Peng6,7,§Chongyang Hou1,§Xiao Wang8Ting Wang9,10Yu Cao11,12Weijia Zhou1Ding Sun14Kai Wang13Mark H. Rümmeli15,16,17,18,19( )Gianaurelio Cuniberti2,3,4,5Hong Liu1,20 ( )
Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (GCL DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
High-Frequency High-Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
School of Electrical Engineering, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), 20 Helmholtz Strasse, Dresden 01069, Germany
College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie Sklodowskiej 34, Zabrze 41-819, Poland
Center for Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

§ Jinbo Pang, Songang Peng, and Chongyang Hou contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

This work provides a comprehensive review on the emerging human-like sensors and actuators based on MXene materials, which cover the advances in intelligent sensors that mimic five senses and the actuators that simulate artificial muscles. Future humanoid robots may become true with the continuous progress in materials synthesis and device integrations.

Abstract

Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, space, and balance. The first five senses are prerequisites for people to live. The sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems, including the brain, for interpreting the surrounding environment. Then, the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli, including light, gas, chemicals, sound, and pressure. MXene, as an emerging two-dimensional material, has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and actuators. In this review, we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles, which employ MXene-based film, membrane, and composite with other functional materials. First, a brief introduction is delivered for the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of MXenes. Then, we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas, gas sensors, chemical biosensors, acoustic devices, and tactile sensors for electronic skin. Besides, the actuators of MXene-based composite are introduced. Eventually, future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot, which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.

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Nano Research
Pages 5767-5795
Cite this article:
Pang J, Peng S, Hou C, et al. Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators. Nano Research, 2023, 16(4): 5767-5795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5272-8
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Received: 07 September 2022
Revised: 25 October 2022
Accepted: 31 October 2022
Published: 23 November 2022
© The Author(s) 2022

Copyright: © 2022 by the author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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