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Research Article

Pseudo-break imaging of carbon nanotubes for determining elastic bending energies

Changfei Jing1, Yongji Qin2, Wengen Ouyang3,4( ), Jun Luo2( )
Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies and Tianjin Key Lab of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Graphical Abstract

The measurement of elastic bending energies of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials is extremely difficult because the second-order derivatives of the displacements of individual bent 1D nanomaterials and their Young’s moduli and area moments of inertia are simultaneously necessary for the determination. In our work, the pseudo-break imaging of 1D nanomaterials provides the values of the bending energies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with an accuracy of 1–50 eV and manipulates the bending shapes and energies of CNTs. The validity and mechanism of the pseudo-break imaging are confirmed and revealed by theoretical simulations based on classical mechanics.

Abstract

One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials easily bend due to perturbations from their surroundings or their own behaviors. This phenomenon not only impacts the performances of various devices but has also been employed to develop a variety of new functional devices, in which the bending energies of the nanomaterials determine the device performances. However, measuring the energies of such nanomaterials is extremely difficult. Herein, pseudo-break imaging of 1D nanomaterials has been proposed and realized on individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in which a CNT appears to break and has a fracture but is actually intact. This imaging approach provides the values of the bending energies of the CNTs with an accuracy of 1–50 eV. Furthermore, this imaging approach can manipulate the bending shapes and energies of CNTs. This work presents a protocol for bending analysis and manipulation, which are vital to fundamental and applied studies of 1D nanomaterials.

Keywords

pseudo-break imagingcarbon nanotubeelectron microscopyelastic bending energy

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 7443-7451
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5295-1
Cite this article:
Jing C, Qin Y, Ouyang W, et al. Pseudo-break imaging of carbon nanotubes for determining elastic bending energies. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7443-7451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5295-1
Topics:
Electron microscopyNanosensors

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Received: 14 September 2022
Revised: 26 October 2022
Accepted: 03 November 2022
Published: 03 February 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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