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Research Article

Carbon armour with embedded carbon dots for building better supercapacitor electrodes

Yuanyuan Cheng1, Yixian Liu1( ), Chen Chu1, Yunliang Liu1, Yaxi Li1, Ruqiang Wu1, Jianchun Wu2,3, Chunqiang Zhuang4( ), Zhenhui Kang5( ), Haitao Li1( )
Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Graphical Abstract

In the novel Bi–Bi2O3@carbon armour (CA)/carbon dots (CDs) synthetized in the present work, the CA prevents Bi from completely oxidization, and thus maintains the existence of Bi–Bi2O3 interface, the electrons of Bi atoms on which being active. These electrons can be easily attracted by discharged OH* and stabilize them, and thus enhance the capacitance of the material.

Abstract

The microstructure design of electrode material is a crucial point to optimize the supercapacitor’s electrochemical properties. In this work, a Bi-based nanocomposite with a three-layer structure (Bi–Bi2O3@carbon armour (CA)/carbon dots (CDs)) is synthesized and investigated. This material inherits high capacitance and high activity from bismuth-based materials, and the coated CA protects the structure from complete oxidization and improves surface hydrophilicity. Furthermore, CDs in CA can enhance the ion conduction efficiency between the catalyst, carbon membrane, and electrolyte. As a consequence, the specific capacitance of the electrode reaches 973 F·g−1 under 1 A·g−1, and the energy density achieves 32.5 Wh·kg−1 with a power density of 266.9 W·kg−1, with impressive electrochemical stability that Coulomb efficiency of the electrode remains about 100% after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, in-situ Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) analyzes the structure evolvement of the material during synthesis and finds that the annealing process of the material removes a great number of oxygen-containing groups of CA and CDs, generating oxygen vacancies, defects, and thus active sites, which enhance the capacitance of the material.

Keywords

supercapacitorcarbon armourBi–Bi2O3 interfacecarbon dots

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 6815-6824
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5338-7
Cite this article:
Cheng Y, Liu Y, Chu C, et al. Carbon armour with embedded carbon dots for building better supercapacitor electrodes. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 6815-6824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5338-7
Topics:
Supercapacitor

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Received: 03 November 2022
Revised: 12 November 2022
Accepted: 15 November 2022
Published: 08 February 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2022
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