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Research Article

Tunable nano-engineered anisotropic surface for enhanced mechanotransduction and soft-tissue integration

Pingping Han1,2( )Tianqi Guo2,3Anjana Jayasree2,3Guillermo A. Gomez4Karan Gulati2,3( )Sašo Ivanovski1,2,3( )
The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Epigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic group, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Group for Anodized Therapies for Osseointegration, Regeneration and Stimulation, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
Centre for Cancer Biology, South Australia Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Graphical Abstract

Adhesion of human fibroblast to the nanopores (diameters of 66 nm, TNP-80) increased mature vinculin with higher tension via Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1)/yes-associated protein (YAP)/Mohawk (MKX) pathway, in the first 24 h to drive longer-term changes in ligament differentiation.

Abstract

Electrochemically engineered titania (TiO2) nanopores enable tailored cellular function; however, the cellular mechanosensing mechanisms dictating the cell response and soft tissue integration are yet to be elucidated. Here, we report the fabrication of anisotropic TiO2 nanopores with diameters of 46 and 66 nm on microrough titanium (Ti) via electrochemical anodization, towards short- and long-term guidance of human primary gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). Cells on tissue culture plates and bare Ti substrates were used as controls. Notably, we show that nanopores with a diameter of 66 nm induced more mature focal adhesions of vinculin and paxillin at the membrane, encouraged the development of actin fibers at focal adhesion sites, and led to elongated cell and nuclear shape. These topographical-driven changes were attributed to the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1) GTPase pathway and nuclear localisation of LAMIN A/C and yes-associated protein (YAP) and associated with increased ligament differentiation with elevated expression of the ligament marker Mohawk homeobox (MKX). Study findings reveal that minor tuning of nanopore diameter is a powerful tool to explore intracellular and nuclear mechanotransduction and gain insight into the relationships between nanomaterials and mechanoresponsive cellular elements.

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Nano Research
Pages 7293-7303
Cite this article:
Han P, Guo T, Jayasree A, et al. Tunable nano-engineered anisotropic surface for enhanced mechanotransduction and soft-tissue integration. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7293-7303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5379-y
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Received: 18 September 2022
Revised: 01 December 2022
Accepted: 03 December 2022
Published: 01 February 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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