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Research Article | Open Access

Turning carbon dots into selenium bearing nanoplatforms with in vitro GPx-like activity and pro-oxidant activity

Laura Perez-GarridoMariano Ortega-MuñozFernando Hernandez-MateoF. Javier Lopez-Jaramillo( )Francisco Santoyo-Gonzalez( )
Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, School of Sciences, Campus Fuentenueva sn, University of Granada, 18071-Granada, Spain
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Graphical Abstract

As with the god Janus, the activity of CD-SeCN shows two faces: one antioxidant that confers GPX-like activity and another pro-oxidant that, in cells with low intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, induces death.

Abstract

Selenium (Se) has been defined as the “Janus element”, with one face showing antioxidant activity and the other pro-oxidant activity. The biological effect of Se depends on both dose and speciation. Se nanoparticles are attracting major interest, although their large-scale preparation for biomedical applications is not trivial. We hypothesize that acid anhydride-coated carbon dots (AA-CD) are an attractive platform for preparing nanoparticles containing chemically defined Se. The reaction of AA-CD with 3-selenocyanatopropan-1-amine yields carbon dots bearing selenocyanate and carboxylate groups (CD-SeCN) that allow for tuning the hydrosolubility. CD-SeCN has a Se content of 0.36 µmol per mg of nanoparticles, and they show the typical photoluminescence of carbon dots. The selenocyanate groups (SeCN) exhibited glutathione peroxidase-like activity and cytotoxicity. Data show that antioxidant behavior differs between normal and tumor cells, and the evaluation on HEK293 and A549 cells reveals that the toxicity of CD-SeCN depends on dose, time, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. The toxicity of CD-SeCN decreases with the time of incubation and the cell death mechanism switches from necrosis to apoptosis, indicating that CD-SeCN is neutralized. Additionally, high levels of intracellular GSH exert a protective effect. These results support a pharmacological potential in cancers with low levels of intracellular GSH. The use of AA-CD as nanoplatforms is a general strategy that paves the way for the engineering of advanced nanosystems.

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Nano Research
Pages 7784-7791
Cite this article:
Perez-Garrido L, Ortega-Muñoz M, Hernandez-Mateo F, et al. Turning carbon dots into selenium bearing nanoplatforms with in vitro GPx-like activity and pro-oxidant activity. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7784-7791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5442-3
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Received: 11 October 2022
Revised: 27 December 2022
Accepted: 29 December 2022
Published: 16 March 2023
© The author(s) 2023

Copyright: © 2022 by the author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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