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Review Article

Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications

Quanmao Wei1, Wenna Ge1, Zichao Yuan1, Shixu Wang1, Chenguang Lu1, Shile Feng1, Lei Zhao1(), Yahua Liu1,2()
Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
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In this review, we clarify the basic mechanisms of moisture electricity generation and highlight the recent progress of moisture electricity generators (MEGs) by dividing the hygroscopic films into three categories, i.e., gradient structure, homogeneous structure, and heterogeneous structure. Depending on the output characteristics of MEGs, the representative applications in sensors and power supplies are introduced.

Abstract

With the increasing concern of energy crisis and global warming, the whole globe is in an urgent need to develop clean energy that comes from renewable sources and does not harm the environment to fulfill the carbon neutralization and green earth commitments. Water is the most abundant substance on earth and has been historically used as the major energy carriers in watermill, water wheel, and hydroelectricity. Moisture electricity generation is another emerging technology that can convert low-grade energy in the widely-accessible moisture to electricity simply by the integration of moisture, electrodes, and deliberately-designed hygroscopic films. Recent research on moisture electricity generators (MEGs) led to the creation of a series of self-powered sensors and in some occasions they have replaced conventional batteries to power miniaturized devices. In this review, the basic mechanisms of MEGs are firstly clarified, and three categories of them, i.e., gradient structure, homogeneous structure, and heterogeneous structure depending on the structure of hygroscopic films, are then introduced. Furthermore, recent advances in the fabrication, characteristics, and performance of MEGs are summarized, and MEGs with continuous or transient output that could be applied in self-powered sensors and power sources are discussed. Finally, some remaining challenges and our perspectives on MEGs are highlighted.

Keywords

moisturehygroelectricitynanogeneratorsstructureshygroscopic film

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 7496-7510
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5465-9
Cite this article:
Wei Q, Ge W, Yuan Z, et al. Moisture electricity generation: Mechanisms, structures, and applications. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7496-7510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5465-9
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