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Research Article

Porphyrin-based metal–organic framework nanocrystals for combination of immune and sonodynamic therapy

Sen Jiang1,§Congcong Liu1,§Qijia He2Kun Dang1Weiwei Zhang2( )Yang Tian1( )
Department of Chemistry, Analytical Instrumentation Center, Capital Normal University, Beijing 10048, China
School of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 10048, China

§ Sen Jiang and Congcong Liu contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

In this study, we for the first time synthesized the metal-organic framework nanocrystals of rare-earth element Dy coordinated with Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), which could apparently reduce PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. The Dy-TCPP nanocrystals are promising as a platform for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic-guided sonodynamicand immune therapies with good combined anti-cancer effects.

Abstract

Immune therapy based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is widely used to treat human tumors. The current strategies to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy fail in rescuing increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor issues. Here, we for the first time synthesized the metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals of rare-earth element dysprosium (Dy) coordinated with tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), which show well-defined two-dimensional morphologies. The MOF nanocrystals of Dy-TCPP could apparently reduce PD-L1 expression in tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, and therefore display effective tumor treatment through immune therapy without any immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs. Considering the sensitivity of TCPP ligand toward ultrasound, the prepared Dy-TCPP can also realize sonodynamic therapy (SDT) besides immune therapy. In addition, the Dy-TCPP nanocrystals can efficiently obtain T2-weight magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor sites. Our study provides the Dy-TCPP nanocrystals as promising diagnostic MRI-guided platforms for the combined treatment on tumors with SDT and immune therapy. Moreover, this strategy succeeds in reducing the elevated expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, which might serve as a novel avenue for tumor immunotherapy in future.

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Nano Research
Pages 9633-9641
Cite this article:
Jiang S, Liu C, He Q, et al. Porphyrin-based metal–organic framework nanocrystals for combination of immune and sonodynamic therapy. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 9633-9641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5477-5
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Received: 30 November 2022
Revised: 30 December 2022
Accepted: 01 January 2023
Published: 22 February 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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