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Research Article

Ultralight aerogel sphere composed of nanocellulose-derived carbon nanofiber and graphene for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption

Runa Zhang1, Bin Li1, Yunfei Yang1, Na Wu2( ), Zhuyin Sui3, Qingfu Ban3, Lili Wu1, Wei Liu4,5, Jiurong Liu1( ), Zhihui Zeng1,6( )
Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518063, China
Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Graphical Abstract

A novel type of hybrid carbon aerogel sphere composed of nanofibrous cellulose nanofiber-derived carbon (CNFC) and graphene nanosheets was manufactured via an ultrafast scalable drop-freezing approach coupled with pyrolysis. The CNFC interacts with graphene to build aerogel spheres with variable dielectric characteristics while preventing the aggregation of graphene layers. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) helps to create lightweight high-porosity aerogel spheres by reducing the volume shrinkage of CNFC aerogel spheres during the carbonization process.

Abstract

A novel type of three-dimensional ultralight aerogel sphere, consisting of one-dimensional nanocellulose-derived carbon fibers and two-dimensional graphene layers, was prepared based on a developed drop-freeze-drying followed by carbonization approach. The nanofibrous carbon efficiently prevents the agglomeration of the graphene layers, which, in turn, reduces the shrinkage and maintains the structural stability of the hybrid carbon aerogel spheres. Consequently, the aerogel spheres showing an ultralow-density of 2.8 mg/cm3 and a porosity of 99.98% accomplish the tunable dielectric property and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. The high-efficiency utilization of biomass-derived fibrous nanocarbon, graphene, and the porous structure of the hybrid aerogel spheres leads to the excellent EMW absorption performance. The aerogel spheres display an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.16 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of −70.44 dB even at a filler loading of merely 3 wt.%, significantly outperforming that of other biomass-derived carbon-based EMW absorbing materials. This work offers a feasible, facile, and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance and sustainable biomass-based aerogels, suggesting a tremendous application potential in EMW absorption and aerospace.

Keywords

nanocelluloseaerogelgrapheneelectromagnetic wave absorptioncomposite

Electronic Supplementary Material

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 7931-7940
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5521-5
Cite this article:
Zhang R, Li B, Yang Y, et al. Ultralight aerogel sphere composed of nanocellulose-derived carbon nanofiber and graphene for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 7931-7940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5521-5
Topics:
Fabrication
Part of a topical collection:
EM Wave Functional Materials

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Received: 08 December 2022
Revised: 05 January 2023
Accepted: 19 January 2023
Published: 10 March 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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