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Research Article

Cobalt disulfide/carbon nanofibers with mesoporous heterostructure and excellent hydrophilicity for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor

Wenjie Liu1, Fen Qiao1( ), Jing Yang1, Jiaren Yuan3, Yi Xie4, Tao Wang5, Jinzhi Hu1, Jihua Zheng1, Rui Ren2, Xiaomin Kang2, Yan Zhao2( ), Jiangwei Zhang2( )
School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Graphical Abstract

A series of mesoporous heterostructure cobalt disulfide/carbon nanofibers (CoS2/PCNFs) composites with excellent hydrophilicity are prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent. Benefiting from a large number of mesoporous PCNFs, the composite exhibits excellent hydrophilicity and high specific surface area. In addition, the CoS2 nanoparticles embedded on PCNF provide a large number of active sites and high Faradaic capacity contribution for the composite. The optimal electrode exhibits a high specific capacity (86.1 mAh·g−1 at 1 A·g−1). Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 35.5 Wh·kg−1@824 W·kg−1, which is superior to that of some hybrid supercapacitor devices based on CNF and cobalt sulfide reported in literature. The controllable fabrication process of CNF-based composites with mesoporous-rich structure provides novel insights into surface modification of electrospinning carbon nanofibers.

Abstract

Herein, a unique mesoporous heterostructure (average pore size: 15 nm) cobalt disulfide/carbon nanofibers (CoS2/PCNFs) composite with excellent hydrophilicity (contact angle: 23.5°) is prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore-forming agent. The CoS2/PCNF electrode exhibits excellent cycle stability (95.2% of initial specific capacitance at 10 A∙g−1 after 8000 cycles), good rate performance (46.5% at 10 A∙g−1), and high specific capacity (86.1 mAh∙g−1 at 1 A∙g−1, about 688.8 F∙g−1 at 1 A∙g−1). Density functional theory (DFT) simulation elucidates that CoS2 tends to transfer substantial charges to CNF. As the center of positive charge, CoS2 is more likely to capture negative ions in the electrolyte, thus accelerating the ion diffusion process. The excellent properties of the electrode material can not only accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics, but also provide abundant redox-active sites and a high Faradaic capacity for the entire electrode due to the synergistic contributions of CoS2 nanoparticles, mesoporous heterostructure of PCNF, and admirable hydrophilicity of the composite material. A CoS2/PCNF-0.25//AC (AC: activated carbon) asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled using CoS2/PCNF-0.25 as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode, which possesses a high energy density (35.5 Wh∙kg−1 at a power density of 824 W∙kg−1) and superior cycling stability (maintaining over 98% of initial capacitance after 2000 cycles). In addition, the unique CoS2/PCNF electrode is expected to be widely used in other electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc.

Keywords

supercapacitorcobalt disulfidecarbon nanofibersporosityelectrostatic spinningdensity functional theory (DFT) simulation

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 7,
July 2023
Pages 10401-10411
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5533-1
Cite this article:
Liu W, Qiao F, Yang J, et al. Cobalt disulfide/carbon nanofibers with mesoporous heterostructure and excellent hydrophilicity for high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 10401-10411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5533-1
Topics:
Carbon nanofibers Supercapacitor

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Received: 30 November 2022
Revised: 19 January 2023
Accepted: 29 January 2023
Published: 02 March 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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