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Research Article

Evoking robust immunogenic cell death by synergistic sonodynamic therapy and glucose depletion using Au clusters/single atoms modified TiO2 nanosheets

Xiuxin Lu1,§, Kun Qiao2,§, Firdoz Shaik3, Yang Zheng4, Zhaoyou Chu5, Haisheng Qian5( ), Xijun Liu6( ), Weiqing Zhang1( )
Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Guntur 522213, India
Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, School of Resource, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

§ Xiuxin Lu and Kun Qiao contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

A multifunctional AuS/C-TiO2 sonosensitizer with an excited band gap and high glucose oxidation activity is fabricated and used to evoke massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and robust endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for reinforcing sonodynamic therapy-immunogenic cell death against breast cancer.

Abstract

Facilitated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved therapies, tumor cells undergo immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate long-term immunity response. However, it is hard to trigger abundant and large-scale ICD for satisfactory cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a multifunctional sonosensitizer that consists of Au single atoms and clusters anchored on TiO2 nanosheets (named AuS/C-TiO2) is reported for augmented sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and glucose depletion, which ultimately induce robust ICD due to the improved ROS generation and strong endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The synergy effect between Au cluster/single atom with TiO2 nanosheets intensifies apoptosis and ICD pathways to inhibit 80% of tumor cells through in vivo analyses. Furthermore, immune cells in vivo analyses verify the effectiveness of AuS/C-TiO2 sonosensitizer towards the induction of antitumor immunity. This study thus reveals that simultaneous presence of ROS generation and strong ER stress can efficiently evoke a strong ICD-mediated immune response.

Keywords

single atomclustertitaniasonodynamic therapyimmunogenic cell deathmultifunctional

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 7,
July 2023
Pages 9730-9742
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5562-9
Cite this article:
Lu X, Qiao K, Shaik F, et al. Evoking robust immunogenic cell death by synergistic sonodynamic therapy and glucose depletion using Au clusters/single atoms modified TiO2 nanosheets. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 9730-9742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5562-9
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Received: 26 December 2022
Revised: 07 February 2023
Accepted: 08 February 2023
Published: 10 March 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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