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Research Article

A bioinspired, self-powered, flytrap-based sensor and actuator enabled by voltage triggered hydrogel electrodes

Zhiliang Hou1, Xuebiao Li1, Xinru Zhang1, Wendong Zhang1, Zhong Lin Wang2,3( ), Hulin Zhang1( )
College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
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Graphical Abstract

A plant-based sensor and actuator created by using a conformable electrode interface as an electrical modulation unit on a Venus flytrap has been demonstrated, which can not only self-powered orient honeybee colonies by their touch during collecting nectar, but also can realize an autonomous on-demand actuation on a flytrap for responsively grasping tiny objects.

Abstract

Because of its adaptive interfacial property, soft sensors/actuators can be used to perform more delicate tasks than their rigid counterparts. However, plant epidermis with a waxy cuticle layer challenges stable and high-fidelity non-invasive electrophysiology since the conventional electrodes are invasive, easily detached from plants, and require complicated setup procedures. Here, we report a bioinspired sensor and actuator created by using a conformable electrode interface as an electrical modulation unit on a Venus flytrap. Our conformable electrode, by employing an adhesive hydrogel layer, can achieve the merits of low impedance, stretchable, biocompatible, reusable, and transparent enough for normal chlorophyll activity to occur. Owing to the high sensitivity of a flytrap to a triggering mechanical stimulation, a plant sensor matrix based on flytraps has been demonstrated by capturing the stimulated action potential (AP) signals from upper epidermis, which can orient honeybee colonies by their touch during collecting nectar. Moreover, via frequency-dependent AP modulation, an autonomous on-demand actuation on a flytrap is realized. The flytrap actuator can be controlled to responsively grasp tiny objects by the modulated signals triggered by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This work paves a way of developing autonomous plant-based sensors and actuators toward smart agriculture and intelligent robots.

Keywords

self-poweredhydrogel electrodesensor and actuatorflytraptriboelectric nanogenerator

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 7,
July 2023
Pages 10198-10205
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5621-2
Cite this article:
Hou Z, Li X, Zhang X, et al. A bioinspired, self-powered, flytrap-based sensor and actuator enabled by voltage triggered hydrogel electrodes. Nano Research, 2023, 16(7): 10198-10205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5621-2
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Received: 11 December 2022
Revised: 17 February 2023
Accepted: 27 February 2023
Published: 30 March 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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