Tumor-responsive dynamic nanoassemblies for boosted photoimmunotherapy

Shao, W.; Yang, C.; Li, F. Y.; Wu, J. H.; Wang, N.; Ding, Q.; Gao, J. Q.; Ling, D. S. Molecular design of conjugated small molecule nanoparticles for synergistically enhanced PTT/PDT. Nano-Micro Lett. 2020, 12, 147.

Zou, J. H.; Li, L.; Yang, Z.; Chen, X. Y. Phototherapy meets immunotherapy: A win-win strategy to fight against cancer. Nanophotonics 2021, 10, 3229–3245.

Jo, Y. U.; Sim, H.; Lee, C. S.; Kim, K. S.; Na, K. Solubilized chlorin e6-layered double hydroxide complex for anticancer photodynamic therapy. Biomater. Res. 2022, 26, 23.

Liu, Y. M.; Zhang, L.; Chang, R.; Yan, X. H. Supramolecular cancer photoimmunotherapy based on precise peptide self-assembly design. Chem. Commun. 2022, 58, 2247–2258.

Seo, H. S.; Wang, C. P. J.; Park, W.; Park, C. G. Short review on advances in hydrogel-based drug delivery strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 2022, 19, 263–280.

Wang, Y. J.; Song, G. S.; Liao, S. Y.; Qin, Q. Q.; Zhao, Y.; Shi, L. N.; Guan, K. S.; Gong, X. Y.; Wang, P.; Yin, X. et al. Cyclic amplification of the afterglow luminescent nanoreporter enables the prediction of anti-cancer efficiency. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 19779–19789.

Nasseri, B.; Alizadeh, E.; Bani, F.; Davaran, S.; Akbarzadeh, A.; Rabiee, N.; Bahadori, A.; Ziaei, M.; Bagherzadeh, M.; Saeb, M. R. et al. Nanomaterials for photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy. Appl. Phys. Rev. 2022, 9, 011317.

Chen, M. C.; Chen, Q. Biomaterial-assisted photoimmunotherapy for cancer. Biomater. Sci. 2020, 8, 5846–5858.

Liao, S. Y.; Wang, Y. J.; Li, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Yin, X.; Huan, S. Y.; Zhang, X. B.; Liu, S. L.; Song, G. S. A novel afterglow nanoreporter for monitoring cancer therapy. Theranostics 2022, 12, 6883–6897.

Sun, H. T.; Zhang, Q.; Li, J. C.; Peng, S. J.; Wang, X. L.; Cai, R. Near-infrared photoactivated nanomedicines for photothermal synergistic cancer therapy. Nano Today 2021, 37, 101073.

Li, Y.; Li, X. S.; Zhou, F. F.; Doughty, A.; Hoover, A. R.; Nordquist, R. E.; Chen, W. R. Nanotechnology-based photoimmunological therapies for cancer. Cancer Lett. 2019, 442, 429–438.

Kato, T.; Wakiyama, H.; Furusawa, A.; Choyke, P. L.; Kobayashi, H. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy: A review of targets for cancer therapy. Cancers 2021, 13, 2535.

Maruoka, Y.; Wakiyama, H.; Choyke, P. L.; Kobayashi, H. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy for cancers: A translational perspective. eBioMedicine 2021, 70, 103501.

Wakiyama, H.; Furusawa, A.; Okada, R.; Inagaki, F.; Kato, T.; Maruoka, Y.; Choyke, P. L.; Kobayashi, H. Increased immunogenicity of a minimally immunogenic tumor after cancer-targeting near infrared photoimmunotherapy. Cancers 2020, 12, 3747.

Guo, R. R.; Wang, S. Q.; Zhao, L.; Zong, Q. D.; Li, T. C.; Ling, G. X.; Zhang, P. Engineered nanomaterials for synergistic photo-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022, 282, 121425.

Hameed, S.; Mo, S. Y.; Mustafa, G.; Bajwa, S. Z.; Khan, W. S.; Dai, Z. F. Immunological consequences of nanoparticle-mediated antitumor photoimmunotherapy. Adv. Ther. 2020, 3, 1900101.

Xue, X. D.; Qu, H. J.; Li, Y. P. Stimuli-responsive crosslinked nanomedicine for cancer treatment. Exploration 2022, 2, 20210134.

Yue, R. Y.; Zhang, C.; Xu, L.; Wang, Y. J.; Guan, G. Q.; Lei, L. L.; Zhang, X. B.; Song, G. S. Dual key co-activated nanoplatform for switchable MRI monitoring accurate ferroptosis-based synergistic therapy. Chem 2022, 8, 1956–1981.

Cabral, H.; Kinoh, H.; Kataoka, K. Tumor-targeted nanomedicine for immunotherapy. Acc. Chem. Res. 2020, 53, 2765–2776.

Yan, S.; Zhao, P.; Yu, T. T.; Gu, N. Current applications and future prospects of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Biol. Med. 2019, 16, 486–497.

Dai, H. X.; Fan, Q.; Wang, C. Recent applications of immunomodulatory biomaterials for disease immunotherapy. Exploration 2022, 2, 20210157.

Ng, C. W.; Li, J. C.; Pu, K. Y. Recent progresses in phototherapy-synergized cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1804688.

Chen, Y. C.; Xiong, T.; Zhao, X. Z.; Du, J. J.; Sun, W.; Fan, J. L.; Peng, X. J. Tumor cell-responsive photodynamic immunoagent for immunogenicity-enhanced orthotopic and remote tumor therapy. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2023, 12, 2202085.

Ravegnini, G.; Fosso, B.; Ricci, R.; Gorini, F.; Turroni, S.; Serrano, C.; Pilco-Janeta, D. F.; Zhang, Q. Q.; Zanotti, F.; De Robertis, M. et al. Analysis of microbiome in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Looking for different players in tumorigenesis and novel therapeutic options. Cancer Sci. 2022, 113, 2590–2599.

Neri, D.; Supuran, C. T. Interfering with pH regulation in tumours as a therapeutic strategy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2011, 10, 767–777.

Lee, S. H.; Griffiths, J. R. How and why are cancers acidic? Carbonic anhydrase IX and the homeostatic control of tumour extracellular pH. Cancers 2020, 12, 1616.

Relloso, M.; Cheng, T. Y.; Im, J. S.; Parisini, E.; Roura-Mir, C.; DeBono, C.; Zajonc, D. M.; Murga, L. F.; Ondrechen, M. J.; Wilson, I. A. et al. pH-dependent interdomain tethers of CD1b regulate its antigen capture. Immunity 2008, 28, 774–786.

Liu, J.; Huang, Y. R.; Kumar, A.; Tan, A.; Jin, S. B.; Mozhi, A.; Liang, X. J. pH-sensitive nano-systems for drug delivery in cancer therapy. Biotechnol. Adv 2014, 32, 693–710.

Liu, J.; He, S. S.; Luo, Y. L.; Zhang, Y.; Du, X. J.; Xu, C.; Pu, K. Y.; Wang, J. Tumor-microenvironment-activatable polymer nano-immunomodulator for precision cancer photoimmunotherapy. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2106654.

Jin, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y. F.; Li, J. B.; Zhou, S.; Yu, J.; Wang, Z. M.; Yu, Y. Y.; Zhang, H. T.; Wang, D. et al. Doxorubicin-near infrared dye conjugate induces immunogenic cell death to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Int. J. Pharm. 2021, 607, 121027.

Zhang, Y.; Kim, I.; Lu, Y. M.; Xu, Y. X.; Yu, D. G.; Song, W. L. Intelligent poly(L-histidine)-based nanovehicles for controlled drug delivery. J. Control. Release 2022, 349, 963–982.

Gao, Y. J.; Qiao, Z. Y.; Wang, H. Polymers with tertiary amine groups for drug delivery and bioimaging. Sci. China Chem. 2016, 59, 991–1002.

Zheng, Y. D.; Zhang, Z. Z.; Liu, Q.; Wang, Y.; Hao, J. L.; Kang, Z. Y.; Wang, C.; Zhao, X. Z.; Liu, Y.; Shi, L. Q. A near-infrared light-excitable immunomodulating nano-photosensitizer for effective photoimmunotherapy. Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 4191–4198.

Liu, Y. L.; Pan, Y. X.; Cao, W.; Xia, F. F.; Liu, B.; Niu, J. Q.; Alfranca, G.; Sun, X. Y.; Ma, L. J.; de la Fuente, J. M. et al. A tumor microenvironment responsive biodegradable CaCO₃/MnO₂-based nanoplatform for the enhanced photodynamic therapy and improved PD-L1 immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019, 9, 6867–6884.

Lu, H. W.; Chen, A.; Zhang, X. D.; Wei, Z. X.; Cao, R.; Zhu, Y.; Lu, J. X.; Wang, Z. L.; Tian, L. L. A pH-responsive T₁-T₂ dual-modal MRI contrast agent for cancer imaging. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 7948.

Shi, Z. Q.; Li, Q. Q.; Mei, L. pH-sensitive nanoscale materials as robust drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2020, 31, 1345–1356.

Huber, V.; Camisaschi, C.; Berzi, A.; Ferro, S.; Lugini, L.; Triulzi, T.; Tuccitto, A.; Tagliabue, E.; Castelli, C.; Rivoltini, L. Cancer acidity: An ultimate frontier of tumor immune escape and a novel target of immunomodulation. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2017, 43, 74–89.

Cao, Z. Y.; Li, D. D.; Wang, J. X.; Yang, X. Z. Reactive oxygen species-sensitive polymeric nanocarriers for synergistic cancer therapy. Acta Biomater. 2021, 130, 17–31.

Wang, S.; Yu, G. C.; Wang, Z. T.; Jacobson, O.; Lin, L. S.; Yang, W. J.; Deng, H. Z.; He, Z. M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z. Y. et al. Enhanced antitumor efficacy by a cascade of reactive oxygen species generation and drug release. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 14758–14763.

Xu, J. J.; Zheng, Q. C.; Cheng, X.; Hu, S. B.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, X.; Sun, P.; Wang, W. M.; Su, Z.; Zou, T. H. et al. Chemo-photodynamic therapy with light-triggered disassembly of theranostic nanoplatform in combination with checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2021, 19, 355.

Nam, J. S.; Kang, M. G.; Kang, J.; Park, S. Y.; Lee, S. J. C.; Kim, H. T.; Seo, J. K.; Kwon, O. H.; Lim, M. H.; Rhee, H. W. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized iridium(III) complexes as efficient photodynamic therapy agents via protein modifications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 10968–10977.

Zhang, Y. Y.; Tian, S. D.; Huang, L. P.; Li, Y. N.; Lu, Y.; Li, H. Y.; Chen, G. P.; Meng, F. L.; Liu, G. L.; Yang, X. L. et al. Reactive oxygen species-responsive and Raman-traceable hydrogel combining photodynamic and immune therapy for postsurgical cancer treatment. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 4553.

Mo, S. Y.; Zhang, X. T.; Hameed, S.; Zhou, Y. M.; Dai, Z. F. Glutathione-responsive disassembly of disulfide dicyanine for tumor imaging with reduction in background signal intensity. Theranostics 2020, 10, 2130–2140.

Ding, J. X.; Chen, J. J.; Li, D.; Xiao, C. S.; Zhang, J. C.; He, C. L.; Zhuang, X. L.; Chen, X. S. Biocompatible reduction-responsive polypeptide micelles as nanocarriers for enhanced chemotherapy efficacy in vitro. J. Mater. Chem. B 2013, 1, 69–81.

Sun, F.; Zhu, Q. R.; Li, T. L.; Saeed, M.; Xu, Z. A.; Zhong, F. S.; Song, R. D.; Huai, M. X.; Zheng, M. Y.; Xie, C. et al. Regulating glucose metabolism with prodrug nanoparticles for promoting photoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, 2002746.

Xia, M. T.; Yan, Y.; Pu, H. Y.; Du, X. N.; Liang, J. Y.; Sun, Y. N.; Zheng, J. N.; Yuan, Y. Glutathione responsive nitric oxide release for enhanced photodynamic therapy by a porphyrinic MOF nanosystem. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 442, 136295.

Fan, Z. J.; Liu, H. X.; Xue, Y. H.; Lin, J. Y.; Fu, Y.; Xia, Z. H.; Pan, D. M.; Zhang, J.; Qiao, K.; Zhang, Z. Z. et al. Reversing cold tumors to hot: An immunoadjuvant-functionalized metal-organic framework for multimodal imaging-guided synergistic photo-immunotherapy. Bioact. Mater. 2021, 6, 312–325.

Noman, M. Z.; Hasmim, M.; Lequeux, A.; Xiao, M.; Duhem, C.; Chouaib, S.; Berchem, G.; Janji, B. Improving cancer immunotherapy by targeting the hypoxic tumor microenvironment: New opportunities and challenges. Cells 2019, 8, 1083.

Thambi, T.; Park, J. H.; Lee, D. S. Hypoxia-responsive nanocarriers for cancer imaging and therapy: Recent approaches and future perspectives. Chem. Commun. 2016, 52, 8492–8500.

Im, S.; Lee, J.; Park, D.; Park, A.; Kim, Y. M.; Kim, W. J. Hypoxia-triggered transforming immunomodulator for cancer immunotherapy via photodynamically enhanced antigen presentation of dendritic cell. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 476–488.

Liu, J.; Ai, X. X.; Cabral, H.; Liu, J. L.; Huang, Y.; Mi, P. Tumor hypoxia-activated combinatorial nanomedicine triggers systemic antitumor immunity to effectively eradicate advanced breast cancer. Biomaterials 2021, 273, 120847.

Yang, H. Y.; Meng Du, J.; Jang, M. S.; Mo, X. W.; Sun, X. S.; Lee, D. S.; Lee, J. H.; Fu, Y. CD44-targeted and enzyme-responsive photo-cross-linked nanogels with enhanced stability for in vivo protein delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021, 22, 3590–3600.

Shi, Y. J.; Hu, Y.; Ochbaum, G.; Lin, R.; Bitton, R.; Cui, H. G.; Azevedo, H. S. Enzymatic activation of cell-penetrating peptides in self-assembled nanostructures triggers fibre-to-micelle morphological transition. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53, 7037–7040.

Wu, C.; Wang, C. L.; Zheng, Y. Y.; Zheng, Y. X.; Liu, Z. Q.; Xu, K. M.; Zhong, W. Y. Triple enzyme-regulated molecular hydrogels for carrier-free delivery of lonidamine. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2104418.

Sun, Y. N.; Lyu, B.; Yang, C.; He, B.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X. Q.; Zhang, Q.; Dai, W. B. An enzyme-responsive and transformable PD-L1 blocking peptide-photosensitizer conjugate enables efficient photothermal immunotherapy for breast cancer. Bioact. Mater. 2023, 22, 47–59.

Sun, W.; Du, Y.; Liang, X. L.; Yu, C. Y.; Fang, J. J.; Lu, W.; Guo, X. Y.; Tian, J.; Jin, Y. H.; Zheng, J. J. Synergistic triple-combination therapy with hyaluronic acid-shelled PPy/CPT nanoparticles results in tumor regression and prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis in 4T1 breast cancer. Biomaterials 2019, 217, 119264.

Mu, J.; Lin, J.; Huang, P.; Chen, X. Y. Development of endogenous enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for theranostics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 5554–5573.

Wang, Y. F.; Wang, J. L.; Hao, H.; Cai, M. L.; Wang, S. Y.; Ma, J.; Li, Y.; Mao, C. B.; Zhang, S. M. In vitro and in vivo mechanism of bone tumor inhibition by selenium-doped bone mineral nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2016, 10, 9927–9937.

Aliabadi, H. M.; Landry, B.; Sun, C. B.; Tang, T.; Uludağ, H. Supramolecular assemblies in functional siRNA delivery: Where do we stand? Biomaterials 2012, 33, 2546–2569.

Li, X. Y.; Wenes, M.; Romero, P.; Huang, S. C. C.; Fendt, S. M.; Ho, P. C. Navigating metabolic pathways to enhance antitumour immunity and immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2019, 16, 425–441.

Feng, Y.; Liao, Z.; Zhang, H. X.; Xie, X. X.; You, F. M.; Liao, X. L.; Wu, C. H.; Zhang, W.; Yang, H.; Liu, Y. Y. Emerging nanomedicines strategies focused on tumor microenvironment against cancer recurrence and metastasis. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 452, 139506.

Yang, L. F.; Achreja, A.; Yeung, T. L.; Mangala, L. S.; Jiang, D. H.; Han, C.; Baddour, J.; Marini, J. C.; Ni, J.; Nakahara, R. et al. Targeting stromal glutamine synthetase in tumors disrupts tumor microenvironment-regulated cancer cell growth. Cell Metab. 2016, 24, 685–700.

Zhang, J.; Lin, Y. D.; Lin, Z.; Wei, Q.; Qian, J. Q.; Ruan, R. J.; Jiang, X. C.; Hou, L. X.; Song, J. B.; Ding, J. X. et al. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery in synergistic cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2103444.

Wang, F.; Gao, J. B.; Wang, S. H.; Jiang, J. M.; Ye, Y. C.; Ou, J. F.; Liu, S. W.; Peng, F.; Tu, Y. F. Near infrared light activation of an injectable whole-cell cancer vaccine for cancer immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy. Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 3945–3953.

Shu, G.; Zhu, W.; Jiang, Y. Z.; Li, X. W.; Pan, J. B.; Zhang, X. N.; Zhang, X. J.; Sun, S. K. Persistent luminescence immune hydrogel for photodynamic-immunotherapy of tumors in vivo. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2104472.

Ma, X. B.; Yang, S. C.; Zhang, T.; Wang, S.; Yang, Q. C.; Xiao, Y.; Shi, X. X.; Xue, P.; Kang, Y. J.; Liu, G. et al. Bioresponsive immune-booster-based prodrug nanogel for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2022, 12, 451–466.

Wang, M.; Song, J.; Zhou, F. F.; Hoover, A. R.; Murray, C.; Zhou, B. Q.; Wang, L.; Qu, J. L.; Chen, W. R. NIR-triggered phototherapy and immunotherapy via an antigen-capturing nanoplatform for metastatic cancer treatment. Adv. Sci. 2019, 6, 1802157.

Su, T.; Cheng, F. R.; Qi, J. L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, S. R.; Mei, L.; Fu, S. W.; Zhang, F. W.; Lin, S. B.; Zhu, G. Z. Responsive multivesicular polymeric nanovaccines that codeliver STING agonists and neoantigens for combination tumor immunotherapy. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2201895.

Li, Z. W.; Rong, L. A homotypic membrane-camouflaged biomimetic nanoplatform with gold nanocrystals for synergistic photothermal/starvation/immunotherapy. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 23469–23480.

Zeng, Y. P.; Li, S. F.; Zhang, S. F.; Wang, L.; Yuan, H.; Hu, F. Q. Cell membrane coated-nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2022, 12, 3233–3254.

Carlino, M. S.; Larkin, J.; Long, G. V. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Lancet 2021, 398, 1002–1014.

Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Y.; Ren, Y. F.; Zhang, Q.; Yi, P.; Cheng, C. M. Metabolic modulation of immune checkpoints and novel therapeutic strategies in cancer. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2022, 86, 542–565.

Johnson, D. B.; Nebhan, C. A.; Moslehi, J. J.; Balko, J. M. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: Long-term implications of toxicity. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 2022, 19, 254–267.

Fan, Q.; Chen, Z. P.; Wang, C.; Liu, Z. Toward biomaterials for enhancing immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1802540.

Lee, J.; Kim, D.; Le, Q. V.; Oh, Y. K. Nanotherapeutics for immune network modulation in tumor microenvironments. Semin. Cancer Biol. 2022, 86, 1066–1087.

Wu, C. H.; Xu, J. M.; Xie, Z. X.; Huang, H. L.; Li, N. X.; Wei, X. D.; Li, T. T.; Yang, H.; Li, S.; Qin, X. et al. Light-responsive hyaluronic acid nanomicelles co-loaded with an IDO inhibitor focus targeted photoimmunotherapy against “immune cold” cancer. Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 8019–8031.

Sullivan, R. J.; Weber, J. S. Immune-related toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors: Mechanisms and mitigation strategies. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2022, 21, 495–508.

He, C. X.; Qu, T. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cutaneous adverse events. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020, 16, e149–e153.

Feng, B.; Zhou, F. Y.; Hou, B.; Wang, D. G.; Wang, T. T.; Fu, Y. L.; Ma, Y. T.; Yu, H. J.; Li, Y. P. Binary cooperative prodrug nanoparticles improve immunotherapy by synergistically modulating immune tumor microenvironment. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1803001.

Han, X. X.; Cheng, K. M.; Xu, Y.; Wang, Y. Z.; Min, H.; Zhang, Y. L.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, R. F.; Anderson, G. J.; Ren, L. et al. Modularly designed peptide nanoprodrug augments antitumor immunity of PD-L1 checkpoint blockade by targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 2490–2496.

Liu, D. C.; Chen, B. L.; Mo, Y. L.; Wang, Z. H.; Qi, T.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y. G. Redox-activated porphyrin-based liposome remote-loaded with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor for synergistic photoimmunotherapy through induction of immunogenic cell death and blockage of IDO pathway. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 6964–6976.

Liu, Y. J.; Lu, Y.; Zhu, X. H.; Li, C.; Yan, M. M.; Pan, J.; Ma, G. L. Tumor microenvironment-responsive prodrug nanoplatform via co-self-assembly of photothermal agent and IDO inhibitor for enhanced tumor penetration and cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020, 242, 119933.

Peng, J. R.; Yang, Q.; Xiao, Y.; Shi, K.; Liu, Q. Y.; Hao, Y.; Yang, F.; Han, R. X.; Qian, Z. Y. Tumor microenvironment responsive drug-dye-peptide nanoassembly for enhanced tumor-targeting, penetration, and photo-chemo-immunotherapy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1900004.

Salas-Benito, D.; Pérez-Gracia, J. L.; Ponz-Sarvisé, M.; Rodriguez-Ruiz, M. E.; Martínez-Forero, I.; Castañón, E.; López-Picazo, J. M.; Sanmamed, M. F.; Melero, I. Paradigms on immunotherapy combinations with chemotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2021, 11, 1353–1367.

Chen, Y. L.; Lin, H. W.; Chien, C. L.; Lai, Y. L.; Sun, W. Z.; Chen, C. A.; Cheng, W. F. BTLA blockade enhances cancer therapy by inhibiting IL-6/IL-10-induced CD19^high B lymphocytes. J. ImmunoTher. Cancer 2019, 7, 313.

Binnewies, M.; Roberts, E. W.; Kersten, K.; Chan, V.; Fearon, D. F.; Merad, M.; Coussens, L. M.; Gabrilovich, D. I.; Ostrand-Rosenberg, S.; Hedrick, C. C. et al. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy. Nat. Med. 2018, 24, 541–550.

Moon, E. J.; Mello, S. S.; Li, C. G.; Chi, J. T.; Thakkar, K.; Kirkland, J. G.; Lagory, E. L.; Lee, I. J.; Diep, A. N.; Miao, Y. et al. The HIF target MAFF promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through IL11 and STAT3 signaling. Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 4308.

Fu, R.; Han, C. F.; Ni, T.; Di, L.; Liu, L. J.; Lv, W. C.; Bi, Y. R.; Jiang, N.; He, Y.; Li, H. M. et al. A ZEB1/p53 signaling axis in stromal fibroblasts promotes mammary epithelial tumours. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3210.

Tao, N.; Li, H. H.; Deng, L.; Zhao, S. F.; Ouyang, J.; Wen, M.; Chen, W. S.; Zeng, K.; Wei, C. W.; Liu, Y. N. A cascade nanozyme with amplified sonodynamic therapeutic effects through comodulation of hypoxia and immunosuppression against cancer. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 485–501.

Zhu, Y. F.; Yu, X. R.; Thamphiwatana, S. D.; Zheng, Y.; Pang, Z. Q. Nanomedicines modulating tumor immunosuppressive cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 2020, 10, 2054–2074.

Zhao, J. Y.; Liu, Y. J.; Lin, F.; Wang, W. X.; Yang, S. J.; Ge, Y.; Chen, P. R. Bioorthogonal engineering of bacterial effectors for spatial-temporal modulation of cell signaling. ACS Cent. Sci. 2019, 5, 145–152.

Jiang, L. Q.; Zhang, M.; Bai, Y. T.; Cui, F. Y.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Z. Y.; Si, S. J.; Yang, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. D. et al. O-carboxymethyl chitosan based pH/hypoxia-responsive micelles relieve hypoxia and induce ROS in tumor microenvironment. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022, 275, 118611.

Taleb, M.; Atabakhshi-Kashi, M.; Wang, Y. Z.; Rezvani Alanagh, H.; Farhadi Sabet, Z.; Li, F. F.; Cheng, K. M.; Li, C.; Qi, Y. Q.; Nie, G. J. et al. Bifunctional therapeutic peptide assembled nanoparticles exerting improved activities of tumor vessel normalization and immune checkpoint inhibition. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2021, 10, 2100051.

Wan, Y. L.; Fu, L. H.; Li, C. Y.; Lin, J.; Huang, P. Conquering the hypoxia limitation for photodynamic therapy. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2103978.

Huang, J.; Xiao, Z. C.; Chen, G. J.; Li, T.; Peng, Y.; Shuai, X. T. A pH-sensitive nanomedicine incorporating catalase gene and photosensitizer augments photodynamic therapy and activates antitumor immunity. Nano Today 2022, 43, 101390.

Wang, N.; Li, P.; Zhao, J.; Liu, Y. M.; Hu, X.; Ling, D. S.; Li, F. Y. An anisotropic photocatalytic agent elicits robust photoimmunotherapy through plasmonic catalysis-mediated tumor microenvironment modulation. Nano Today 2023, 50, 101827.

Guo, Z. P.; Hu, Y. Y.; Zhao, M. Y.; Hao, K.; He, P.; Tian, H. Y.; Chen, X. S.; Chen, M. W. Prodrug-based versatile nanomedicine with simultaneous physical and physiological tumor penetration for enhanced cancer chemo-immunotherapy. Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 3721–3730.

Guan, X. W.; Lin, L.; Chen, J.; Hu, Y. Y.; Sun, P. J.; Tian, H. Y.; Maruyama, A.; Chen, X. S. Efficient PD-L1 gene silence promoted by hyaluronidase for cancer immunotherapy. J. Control. Release 2019, 293, 104–112.

Fraser, J. R. E.; Laurent, T. C.; Laurent, U. B. G. Hyaluronan: Its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. J. Intern. Med. 1997, 242, 27–33.

Wang, H. R.; Han, X.; Dong, Z. L.; Xu, J.; Wang, J.; Liu, Z. Hyaluronidase with pH-responsive dextran modification as an adjuvant nanomedicine for enhanced photodynamic-immunotherapy of cancer. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1902440.

Yang, C. L.; Fu, Y. Y.; Huang, C.; Hu, D. R.; Zhou, K.; Hao, Y.; Chu, B. Y.; Yang, Y.; Qian, Z. Y. Chlorin e6 and CRISPR-Cas9 dual-loading system with deep penetration for a synergistic tumoral photodynamic-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020, 255, 120194.

de Brito, R. V.; Mancini, M. W.; das Neves Palumbo, M.; de Moraes, L. H. O.; Rodrigues, G. J.; Cervantes, O.; Sercarz, J. A.; Paiva, M. B. The rationale for “laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) and intratumoral cisplatin” approach for cancer treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5934.

Yamagishi, K.; Kirino, I.; Takahashi, I.; Amano, H.; Takeoka, S.; Morimoto, Y.; Fujie, T. Tissue-adhesive wirelessly powered optoelectronic device for metronomic photodynamic cancer therapy. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2019, 3, 27–36.

Li, F. Y.; Du, Y.; Liu, J. N.; Sun, H.; Wang, J.; Li, R. Q.; Kim, D.; Hyeon, T.; Ling, D. S. Responsive assembly of upconversion nanoparticles for pH-activated and near-infrared-triggered photodynamic therapy of deep tumors. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1802808.

Chen, T.; Su, L. C.; Ge, X. G.; Zhang, W. M.; Li, Q. Q.; Zhang, X.; Ye, J. M.; Lin, L. S.; Song, J. B.; Yang, H. H. Dual activated NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging-guided cancer chemo-radiotherapy using hybrid plasmonic-fluorescent assemblies. Nano Res. 2020, 13, 3268–3277.

Xu, L.; Wang, Y. J.; Ma, Y.; Huan, S. Y.; Song, G. S. Monitoring immunotherapy with optical molecular imaging. ChemMedChem 2021, 16, 2547–2557.

Liu, Y. C.; Teng, L. L.; Lyu, Y.; Song, G. S.; Zhang, X. B.; Tan, W. H. Ratiometric afterglow luminescent nanoplatform enables reliable quantification and molecular imaging. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 2216.

Li, F. Y.; Lu, J. X.; Kong, X. Q.; Hyeon, T.; Ling, D. S. Dynamic nanoparticle assemblies for biomedical applications. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1605897.

Zhao, H.; Wang, Y. Q.; Bao, L.; Chen, C. Y. Engineering nano-bio interfaces from nanomaterials to nanomedicines. Acc. Chem. Res. 2022, 3, 812–829.

Kermanizadeh, A.; Jacobsen, N. R.; Murphy, F.; Powell, L.; Parry, L.; Zhang, H. Y.; Møller, P. A review of the current state of nanomedicines for targeting and treatment of cancers: Achievements and future challenges. Adv. Ther. 2021, 4, 2000186.