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Research Article

Charge-reversible crosslinked nanoparticle for pro-apoptotic peptide delivery and synergistic photodynamic cancer therapy

Haijing Qu1,2,§Han Chen1,2,§Wei Cheng1,2Yuqing Pan1,2Zhiran Duan1,2Yanjun Wang1,3Xing-Jie Liang4 ( )Xiangdong Xue1,2( )
Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

§ Haijing Qu and Han Chen contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

The charge-reversible crosslinked nanoparticles could improve the delivery efficiency of pro-apoptotic peptides by circumventing various biological barriers and bolster antitumor efficacy via synergistic photodynamic therapy.

Abstract

Although anti-cancer nanotherapeutics have made breakthroughs, many remain clinically unsatisfactory due to limited delivery efficiency and complicated biological barriers. Here, we prepared charge-reversible crosslinked nanoparticles (PDC NPs) by supramolecular self-assembly of pro-apoptotic peptides and photosensitizers, followed by crosslinking the self-assemblies with polyethylene glycol to impart tumor microenvironment responsiveness and charge-reversibility. The resultant PDC NPs have a high drug loading of 68.3%, substantially exceeding that of 10%–15% in conventional drug delivery systems. PDC NPs can overcome the delivery hurdles to significantly improve the tumor accumulation and endocytosis of payloads by surface charge reversal and responsive crosslinking strategy. Pro-apoptotic peptides target the mitochondrial membranes and block the respiratory effect to reduce local oxygen consumption, which extensively augments oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT). The photosensitizers around mitochondria increased along with the peptides, allowing PDT to work with pro-apoptotic peptides synergistically to induce tumor cell death by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways. Our strategy would provide a valuable reference for improving the delivery efficiency of hydrophilic peptides and developing mitochondrial-targeting cancer therapies.

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Nano Research
Pages 13267-13282
Cite this article:
Qu H, Chen H, Cheng W, et al. Charge-reversible crosslinked nanoparticle for pro-apoptotic peptide delivery and synergistic photodynamic cancer therapy. Nano Research, 2023, 16(12): 13267-13282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5912-7
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Received: 11 May 2023
Revised: 08 June 2023
Accepted: 09 June 2023
Published: 13 October 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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