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Review Article

From non-carbon host toward carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

Yanqi Feng1,†, Hui Liu1( ), Qiongqiong Lu2,3( )
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
Institute of Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Conductor Materials, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraβe 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
School of Materials & Environment Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China
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Graphical Abstract

Non-carbon hosts with chemical adsorption toward Li-polysulfides and catalytic effect for accelerating Li-polysulfides redox conversion for sulfur cathodes as well as lithiophilic property for guiding uniform Li deposition for Li metal anodes in lithium-sulfur batteries, were systemically summarized.

Abstract

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with advantages of high energy densities (2600 Wh·kg−1/2800 Wh·L−1) and sulfur abundance are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation high-energy batteries. However, the conventional carbon host used in sulfur cathodes suffers from poor chemical adsorption towards Li-polysulfides (LPS) in liquid electrolyte and sluggish redox kinetics, leading to low capacity and rate capability. Besides, carbon host used in Li metal anode with the intrinsic property of poor lithiophilicity and high Li-nucleation barrier gives rise to uncontrollable dendrite growth and further battery failure. Therefore, non-carbon hosts with chemical adsorption toward LPS and catalytic activity for accelerating LPS redox conversion as well as lithiophilic property for guiding uniform Li deposition are proposed and demonstrated a high efficiency in both sulfur cathodes and Li metal anodes. In this review, the principle and challenges of Li-S batteries are first presented, then recent work using non-carbon hosts in Li-S batteries is summarized comprehensively, and the mechanism of non-carbon host in improving sulfur utilization and stabilizing Li metal anode is discussed in detail. Furthermore, remaining challenges and outlook on the implementation of non-carbon host for practical carbon-free Li-S batteries are also provided.

Keywords

sulfur cathodeLi metal anodepolysulfides adsorptioncatalytic effectLi dendritecarbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 3,
March 2024
Pages 1337-1365
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5945-y
Cite this article:
Feng Y, Liu H, Lu Q. From non-carbon host toward carbon-free lithium-sulfur batteries. Nano Research, 2024, 17(3): 1337-1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5945-y
Topics:
Lithium sulfur batteries

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Received: 16 May 2023
Revised: 19 June 2023
Accepted: 20 June 2023
Published: 14 August 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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