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Review Article

Recent advances on liquid intercalation and exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides: From fundamentals to applications

Yan Tu1Lingbin Xie1Mengyang Zhang2Shujuan Liu1( )Zhongzhong Luo2Longlu Wang2( )Qiang Zhao1,2( )
State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Graphical Abstract

The liquid intercalation and exfoliation strategy of transition metal dichalcogenides is able to realize modulation of multifunctional structure and properties. The structure–performance relationship and potential applications of liquid intercalated and exfoliated products are reviewed, including energy conversion, energy storage, water purification, electronics, thermoelectrics and superconductor.

Abstract

The weak van der Waals gap endows two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) with the potential to realize guest intercalation and host exfoliation. Intriguingly, the liquid intercalation and exfoliation is a facile, low-cost, versatile and scalable strategy to modulate the structure and physiochemical property of TMDs via introducing foreign species into interlayer. In this review, firstly, we briefly introduce the resultant hybrid superlattice and disperse nanosheets with tailored properties fabricated via liquid intercalation and exfoliation. Subsequently, we systematically analyze the intercalation phenomenon and limitations of various intercalants in chemical or electrochemical methods. Afterwards, we intensely discuss diverse functionalities of resultant materials, focusing on their potential applications in energy conversion, energy storage, water purification, electronics, thermoelectrics and superconductor. Finally, we highlight the challenges and outlooks for precise and mass production of 2D TMDs-based materials via liquid intercalation and exfoliation. This review enriches the overview of liquid intercalation and exfoliation strategy, and paves the path for relevant high-performance devices.

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Nano Research
Pages 2088-2110
Cite this article:
Tu Y, Xie L, Zhang M, et al. Recent advances on liquid intercalation and exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides: From fundamentals to applications. Nano Research, 2024, 17(3): 2088-2110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5946-x
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Received: 22 May 2023
Revised: 12 June 2023
Accepted: 20 June 2023
Published: 14 August 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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