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Research Article

Highly sensitive nanozyme strip: An effective tool for forensic material evidence identification

Juanji Hong1,§Zhanjun Guo1,§Dihan Duan2,§Yi Zhang2Xin Chen3Yongjiu Li4Zheng Tu4Lei Feng4Lei Chen5Xiyun Yan5( )Lizeng Gao5( )Minmin Liang1( )Demin Duan1,3,5( )
Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Chongqing kangjuquanhong biology science and technology Co., ltd, Chongqing 400026, China
Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academic of Science, Beijing 100101, China

§ Juanji Hong, Zhanjun Guo, and Dihan Duan contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

We made a novel nanozyme strip for rapid and sensitive detection of human blood stain utilizing CoFe2O4’s peroxidase-like activity. The as-developed nanozyme strips show high specificity to human hemoglobin (HGB) among 13 animal blood samples and can detect HGB at a concentration as low as 1 ng/mL, which is 100 times lower than that of the commercially available colloidal gold strips (100 ng/mL).

Abstract

During criminal case investigations, blood evidence tracing is critical for criminal investigation. However, the blood stains are often cleaned or covered up after the crime, resulting in trace residue and difficult tracking. Therefore, a highly sensitive and specific method for the rapid detection of human blood stains remains urgent. To solve this problem, we established a nanozyme-based strip for rapid detection of blood evidence with high sensitivity and specificity. To construct reliable nanozyme strips, we synthesized CoFe2O4 nanozymes with high peroxidase-like activity by scaling up to gram level, which can be supplied for six million tests, and conjugated antibody as a detection probe in nanozyme strip. The developed CoFe2O4 nanozyme strip can detect human hemoglobin (HGB) at a concentration as low as 1 ng/mL, which is 100 times lower than the commercially available colloidal gold strips (100 ng/mL). Moreover, this CoFe2O4 nanozyme strip showed high generality on 12 substrates and high specificity to human HGB among 13 animal blood samples. Finally, we applied the developed CoFe2O4 nanozyme strip to successfully detect blood stains in three real cases, where the current commercial colloidal gold strip failed to do. The results suggest that the CoFe2O4 nanozyme strip can be used as an effective on-scene detection method for human blood stains, and can further be used as a long-term preserved material evidence for traceability inquiry.

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Nano Research
Pages 1785-1791
Cite this article:
Hong J, Guo Z, Duan D, et al. Highly sensitive nanozyme strip: An effective tool for forensic material evidence identification. Nano Research, 2024, 17(3): 1785-1791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6012-4
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Received: 02 June 2023
Revised: 11 July 2023
Accepted: 14 July 2023
Published: 14 August 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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