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Research Article

High-performance organic electrochemical transistors gated with 3D-printed graphene oxide electrodes

Xingyu Jiang1,§, Zhiqiang Liang1,§, Miao Wu1, Jie Lu1, Cheng Shi1, Qi Wang1, Zi Wang2, Zhen Jin3( ), Lin Jiang1( ), Lizhen Huang1( ), Lifeng Chi1( )
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
Analysis and Test Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

§ Xingyu Jiang and Zhiqiang Liang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

A three-dimensional (3D)-printed graphene oxide was introduced to construct high-performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with both top and planar architectures. 3D-printed graphene-oxide-gated OECTs demonstrate comparable performance to Ag/AgCl and excellent mechanical flexibility, enabling promising application in flexible bioelectronics.

Abstract

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have garnered significant interest due to their ability to facilitate both ionic and electronic transport. A large proportion of research efforts thus far have focused on investigating high-performance materials that can serve as mixed ion doping and charge transport layers. However, relatively less attention has been given to the gate-electrode materials, which play a critical role in controlling operational voltage, redox processes, and stability, especially in the context of semiconductor-based OECTs working in accumulation mode. Moreover, the demand for planarity and flexibility in modern bioelectronic devices presents significant challenges for the commonly used Ag/AgCl electrodes in OECTs. Herein, we report the construction of high-performance accumulation-mode OECTs by utilizing a gate electrode made of three-dimensional (3D)-printed graphene oxide. The 3D-printed graphene oxide electrode incorporating one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes, is directly printed using an aqueous-based ink and showcases exceptional mechanical flexibility and porosity properties, enabling high-throughput preparation for both top gates and integrated planar architecture, as well as fast ion/charge transport. OECTs with high performance comparable to that of Ag/AgCl-gated OECTs are thus achieved and present promising feasibility for electrocardiograph (ECG) signal recording. This provides a promising choice for the application of flexible bioelectronics in medical care and neurological recording.

Keywords

organic electrochemical transistorsthree-dimensional (3D)-printedgraphenetop electrodeselectrocardiogram

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Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 11,
November 2023
Pages 12689-12696
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6067-2
Cite this article:
Jiang X, Liang Z, Wu M, et al. High-performance organic electrochemical transistors gated with 3D-printed graphene oxide electrodes. Nano Research, 2023, 16(11): 12689-12696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6067-2
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Received: 30 May 2023
Revised: 26 July 2023
Accepted: 07 August 2023
Published: 12 September 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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