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Research Article

Thylakoid engineered M2 macrophage for sonodynamic effect promoted cell therapy of early atherosclerosis

Guanghao Wu2,§, Changwen Mu3,§, Qianru Zhao3, Yao Lei3, Ran Cheng3, Weidong Nie3, Jiamin Qu2, Yuping Dong2, Ruili Yang4( ), Haiyan Xie1( )
State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China

§ Guanghao Wu and Changwen Mu contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

In this paper, we constructed a hybrid cell system by fusing M2 macrophages with the thylakoid membranes derived from spinach for efficient atherosclerosis treatment. The hybrid cells (TK-M2) not only inherit the natural features and functions of M2 macrophages, but also exhibit both type I and type II sonodynamic effects owing to the abundant sensitizer chlorophyll derived from thylakoid membranes.

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases that contribute to the major morbidity worldwide, but still lacking of effective treatment strategy. Here, a hybrid cell is constructed for the sonodynamic effect promoted cell therapy of early atherosclerosis by fusing M2 macrophages with thylakoid (TK) membranes. After systemic administration, the obtained TK-M2 actively accumulates in the early atherosclerotic plaques, wherein M2 macrophages relieve the cholesterol accumulation and the inflammation in the foam cells. Meanwhile, the TK membranes decorated on the M2 macrophages exhibit both type I and type II sonodynamic effects under ultrasound (US) activation, inducing the direct apoptosis of foam cells. The cooperation of M2 and TK leads to significant outcome in eliminating atherosclerotic plaques without obvious side-effects, providing a new avenue for atherosclerosis treatment.

Keywords

atherosclerosisthylakoidultrasoundM2 macrophage

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 4,
April 2024
Pages 2919-2928
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6156-2
Cite this article:
Wu G, Mu C, Zhao Q, et al. Thylakoid engineered M2 macrophage for sonodynamic effect promoted cell therapy of early atherosclerosis. Nano Research, 2024, 17(4): 2919-2928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6156-2
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Received: 28 June 2023
Revised: 31 August 2023
Accepted: 04 September 2023
Published: 28 September 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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