AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Review Article

Carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration

Wenjun Ma1,2,3( )
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101400, China
Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology, Guangzhou 510540, China
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Laser-irradiated macroscale assemble of carbon nanotubes can generate high-energy electrons, ions, and X/γ-ray radiations that used to be achieved only by large accelerators. This paper reviews the advances in exploiting carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration in memory of Prof. Sishen Xie.

Abstract

Under the irradiation of ultraintense laser pulses, targets made of gas, solid, or artificial materials can generate high-energy electrons, ions, and X-rays comparable to conventional accelerators or national light source facilities. Designing and creating high-performance targets are the core problems for laser acceleration. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can help to build ideal targets that do not exist in nature. This paper reviews the advances in exploiting carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration in memory of Prof. Sishen Xie, the inventor of the fabrication method. We hope that the successful implementation of such targets in enhanced ion acceleration, high-efficiency electron acceleration, and brilliant X-ray generation could attract more interdiscipline interests and promote the development of this field.

Keywords

laser accelerationlaser-driven ion accelerationX-ray sourcescarbon nanotubes

References

[1]

Snavely, R. A.; Key, M. H.; Hatchett, S. P.; Cowan, T. E.; Roth, M.; Phillips, T. W.; Stoyer, M. A.; Henry, E. A.; Sangster, T. C.; Singh, M. S. et al. Intense high-energy proton beams from Petawatt-laser irradiation of solids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 2945–2948.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]

Mangles, S. P. D.; Murphy, C. D.; Najmudin, Z.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Collier, J. L.; Dangor, A. E.; Divall, E. J.; Foster, P. S.; Gallacher, J. G.; Hooker, C. J. et al. Monoenergetic beams of relativistic electrons from intense laser–plasma interactions. Nature 2004, 431, 535–538.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]

Geddes, C. G. R.; Toth, C.; van Tilborg, J.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.; Bruhwiler, D.; Nieter, C.; Cary, J.; Leemans, W. P. High-quality electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator using plasma-channel guiding. Nature 2004, 431, 538–541.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

Faure, J.; Glinec, Y.; Pukhov, A.; Kiselev, S.; Gordienko, S.; Lefebvre, E.; Rousseau, J. P.; Burgy, F.; Malka, V. A laser-plasma accelerator producing monoenergetic electron beams. Nature 2004, 431, 541–544.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

Mourou, G. A.; Tajima, T.; Bulanov, S. V. Optics in the relativistic regime. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2006, 78, 309–371.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

Gonsalves, A. J.; Nakamura, K.; Daniels, J.; Benedetti, C.; Pieronek, C.; de Raadt, T. C. H.; Steinke, S.; Bin, J. H.; Bulanov, S. S.; van Tilborg, J. et al. Petawatt laser guiding and electron beam acceleration to 8 GeV in a laser-heated capillary discharge waveguide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 122, 084801.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

Leemans, W. P.; Gonsalves, A. J.; Mao, H. S.; Nakamura, K.; Benedetti, C.; Schroeder, C. B.; Tóth, C.; Daniels, J.; Mittelberger, D. E.; Bulanov, S. S. et al. Multi-GeV electron beams from capillary-discharge-guided subpetawatt laser pulses in the self-trapping regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 113, 245002.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]

Higginson, A.; Gray, R. J.; King, M.; Dance, R. J.; Williamson, S. D. R.; Butler, N. M. H.; Wilson, R.; Capdessus, R.; Armstrong, C.; Green, J. S. et al. Near-100 MeV protons via a laser-driven transparency-enhanced hybrid acceleration scheme. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 724.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]

Ma, W. J.; Liu, Z. P.; Wang, P. J.; Zhao, J. R.; Yan, X. Q. Experimental progress of laser-driven high-energy proton acceleration and new acceleration schemes. Acta Phys. Sin. 2021, 70, 084102.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

Ledingham, K. W. D.; Bolton, P. R.; Shikazono, N.; Ma, C. M. C. Towards laser driven hadron cancer radiotherapy: A review of progress. Appl. Sci. 2014, 4, 402–443.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

Lu, W.; Tzoufras, M.; Joshi, C.; Tsung, F. S.; Mori, W. B.; Vieira, J.; Fonseca, R. A.; Silva, L. O. Generating multi-GeV electron bunches using single stage laser wakefield acceleration in a 3D nonlinear regime. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2007, 10, 061301.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

Pukhov, A.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Laser wake field acceleration: The highly non-linear broken-wave regime. Appl. Phys. B 2002, 74, 355–361.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.; Leemans, W. P. Physics of laser-driven plasma-based electron accelerators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2009, 81, 1229–1285.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Corde, S.; Phuoc, K. T.; Lambert, G.; Fitour, R.; Malka, V.; Rousse, A.; Beck, A.; Lefebvre, E. Femtosecond X rays from laser-plasma accelerators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2013, 85, 1–48.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

Daido, H.; Nishiuchi, M.; Pirozhkov, A. S. Review of laser-driven ion sources and their applications. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2012, 75, 056401.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

Pukhov, A.; Sheng, Z. M.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Particle acceleration in relativistic laser channels. Phys. Plasmas 1999, 6, 2847–2854.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

Pukhov, A.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. Relativistic magnetic self-channeling of light in near-critical plasma: Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 3975–3978.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]

Robinson, A. P. L.; Arefiev, A. V.; Neely, D. Generating “superponderomotive” electrons due to a non-wake-field interaction between a laser pulse and a longitudinal electric field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 065002.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]

Willingale, L.; Nagel, S. R.; Thomas, A. G. R.; Bellei, C.; Clarke, R. J.; Dangor, A. E.; Heathcote, R.; Kaluza, M. C.; Kamperidis, C.; Kneip, S. et al. Characterization of high-intensity laser propagation in the relativistic transparent regime through measurements of energetic proton beams. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 125002.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]

Prencipe, I.; Sgattoni, A.; Dellasega, D.; Fedeli, L.; Cialfi, L.; Choi, I. W.; Kim, I. J.; Janulewicz, K. A.; Kakolee, K. F.; Lee, H. W. et al. Development of foam-based layered targets for laser-driven ion beam production. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 2016, 58, 034019.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]

Prencipe, I.; Metzkes-Ng, J.; Pazzaglia, A.; Bernert, C.; Dellasega, D.; Fedeli, L.; Formenti, A.; Garten, M.; Kluge, T.; Kraft, S. et al. Efficient laser-driven proton and bremsstrahlung generation from cluster-assembled foam targets. New J. Phys. 2021, 23, 093015.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

Rosmej, O. N.; Andreev, N. E.; Zaehter, S.; Zahn, N.; Christ, P.; Borm, B.; Radon, T.; Sokolov, A.; Pugachev, L. P.; Khaghani, D. et al. Interaction of relativistically intense laser pulses with long-scale near critical plasmas for optimization of laser based sources of MeV electrons and gamma-rays. New J. Phys. 2019, 21, 043044.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]

Rosmej, O. N.; Gyrdymov, M.; Günther, M. M.; Andreev, N. E.; Tavana, P.; Neumayer, P.; Zähter, S.; Zahn, N.; Popov, V. S.; Borisenko, N. G. et al. High-current laser-driven beams of relativistic electrons for high energy density research. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 2020, 62, 115024.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]

Lan, H. Y.; Wu, D.; Liu, J. X.; Zhang, J. Y.; Lu, H. G.; Lv, J. F.; Wu, X. Z.; Luo, W.; Yan, X. Q. Photonuclear production of nuclear isomers using bremsstrahlung induced by laser-wakefield electrons. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 2023, 34, 74.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

Prencipe, I.; Fuchs, J.; Pascarelli, S.; Schumacher, D. W.; Stephens, R. B.; Alexander, N. B.; Briggs, R.; Büscher, M.; Cernaianu, M. O.; Choukourov, A. et al. Targets for high repetition rate laser facilities: Needs, challenges and perspectives. High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 2017, 5, e17.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

Tikhonchuk, V.; Gu, Y. J.; Klimo, O.; Limpouch, J.; Weber, S. Studies of laser-plasma interaction physics with low-density targets for direct-drive inertial confinement schemes. Matter Radiat. Extremes 2019, 4, 045402.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

Fedeli, L.; Formenti, A.; Cialfi, L.; Pazzaglia, A.; Passoni, M. Ultra-intense laser interaction with nanostructured near-critical plasmas. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 3834.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

Shou, Y. R.; Wang, P. J.; Lee, S. G.; Rhee, Y. J.; Lee, H. W.; Yoon, J. W.; Sung, J. H.; Lee, S. K.; Pan, Z.; Kong, D. F. et al. Brilliant femtosecond-laser-driven hard X-ray flashes from carbon nanotube plasma. Nat. Photonics 2023, 17, 137–142.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

Ma, W. J.; Song, L.; Yang, R.; Zhang, T. H.; Zhao, Y. C.; Sun, L. F.; Ren, Y.; Liu, D. F.; Liu, L. F.; Shen, J. et al. Directly synthesized strong, highly conducting, transparent single-walled carbon nanotube films. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2307–2311.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

Ma, W. J.; Liu, L. Q.; Yang, R.; Zhang, T. H.; Zhang, Z.; Song, L.; Ren, Y.; Shen, J.; Niu, Z. Q.; Zhou, W. Y. et al. Monitoring a micromechanical process in macroscale carbon nanotube films and fibers. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 603–608.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]

Ma, W. J.; Liu, L. Q.; Zhang, Z.; Yang, R.; Liu, G.; Zhang, T. H.; An, X. F.; Yi, X. S.; Ren, Y.; Niu, Z. Q. et al. High-strength composite fibers: Realizing true potential of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix through continuous reticulate architecture and molecular level couplings. Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2855–2861.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]

Liu, L. Q.; Ma, W. J.; Zhang, Z. Macroscopic carbon nanotube assemblies: Preparation, properties, and potential applications. Small 2011, 7, 1504–1520.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]

Zhou, W. Y.; Bai, X. D.; Wang, E. G.; Xie, S. S. Synthesis, structure, and properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 4565–4583.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]

Ma, W. J.; Feng, B. H.; Ren, Y.; Zeng, Q. S.; Niu, Z. Q.; Li, J. Z.; Zhang, X. X.; Dong, H. B.; Zhou, W. Y.; Xie, S. S. Large third-order optical nonlinearity in directly synthesized single-walled carbon nanotube films. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2010, 10, 7333–7335.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]

Li, J. Z.; Ma, W. J.; Song, L.; Niu, Z. Q.; Cai, L.; Zeng, Q. S.; Zhang, X. X.; Dong, H. B.; Zhao, D.; Zhou, W. Y. et al. Superfast-response and ultrahigh-power-density electromechanical actuators based on hierarchal carbon nanotube electrodes and chitosan. Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4636–4641.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]

Gao, Y.; Li, J. Z.; Liu, L. Q.; Ma, W. J.; Zhou, W. Y.; Xie, S. S.; Zhang, Z. Axial compression of hierarchically structured carbon nanotube fiber embedded in epoxy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3797–3803.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]

Niu, Z. Q.; Zhou, W. Y.; Chen, J.; Feng, G. X.; Li, H.; Ma, W. J.; Li, J. Z.; Dong, H. B.; Ren, Y.; Zhao, D. et al. Compact-designed supercapacitors using free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube films. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 1440–1446.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]

Szerypo, J.; Ma, W.; Bothmann, G.; Hahner, D.; Haug, M.; Hilz, P.; Kreuzer, C.; Lange, R.; Seuferling, S.; Speicher, M. et al. Target fabrication for laser-ion acceleration research at the Technological Laboratory of the LMU Munich. Matter Radiat. Extremes 2019, 4, 035201.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]

Wang, P. J.; Qi, G. J.; Pan, Z.; Kong, D. F.; Shou, Y. R.; Liu, J. B.; Cao, Z. X.; Mei, Z. S.; Xu, S. R.; Liu, Z. P. et al. Fabrication of large-area uniform carbon nanotube foams as near-critical-density targets for laser-plasma experiments. High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, e29.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]

Bin, J. H.; Ma, W. J.; Wang, H. Y.; Streeter, M. J. V.; Kreuzer, C.; Kiefer, D.; Yeung, M.; Cousens, S.; Foster, P. S.; Dromey, B. et al. Ion acceleration using relativistic pulse shaping in near-critical-density plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 115, 064801.
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]

Ma, W. J.; Kim, I. J.; Yu, J. Q.; Choi, I. W.; Singh, P. K.; Lee, H. W.; Sung, J. H.; Lee, S. K.; Lin, C.; Liao, Q. et al. Laser acceleration of highly energetic carbon ions using a double-layer target composed of slightly underdense plasma and ultrathin foil. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 122, 014803.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]

Mei, Z. S.; Pan, Z.; Liu, Z. P.; Xu, S. R.; Shou, Y. R.; Wang, P. J.; Cao, Z. X.; Kong, D. F.; Liang, Y. L.; Peng, Z. Y. et al. Energetic laser-driven proton beams from near-critical-density double-layer targets under moderate relativistic intensities. Phys. Plasmas 2023, 30, 033107.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]

Wang, P. J.; Gong, Z.; Lee, S. G.; Shou, Y. R.; Geng, Y. X.; Jeon, C.; Kim, I. J.; Lee, H. W.; Yoon, J. W.; Sung, J. H. et al. Super-heavy ions acceleration driven by ultrashort laser pulses at ultrahigh intensity. Phys. Rev. X 2021, 11, 021049.
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]

Kneip, S.; Nagel, S. R.; Bellei, C.; Bourgeois, N.; Dangor, A. E.; Gopal, A.; Heathcote, R.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Marquès, J. R.; Maksimchuk, A. et al. Observation of synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated in a petawatt-laser-generated plasma cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 105006.
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]

Cipiccia, S.; Islam, M. R.; Ersfeld, B.; Shanks, R. P.; Brunetti, E.; Vieux, G.; Yang, X.; Issac, R. C.; Wiggins, S. M.; Welsh, G. H. et al. Gamma-rays from harmonically resonant betatron oscillations in a plasma wake. Nat. Phys. 2011, 7, 867–871.
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]

Cole, J. M.; Wood, J. C.; Lopes, N. C.; Poder, K.; Abel, R. L.; Alatabi, S.; Bryant, J. S. J.; Jin, A.; Kneip, S.; Mecseki, K. et al. Laser-wakefield accelerators as hard X-ray sources for 3D medical imaging of human bone. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 13244.
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]

Khrennikov, K.; Wenz, J.; Buck, A.; Xu, J.; Heigoldt, M.; Veisz, L.; Karsch, S. Tunable all-optical quasimonochromatic Thomson X-ray source in the nonlinear regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015, 114, 195003.
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]

Bin, J. H.; Yeung, M.; Gong, Z.; Wang, H. Y.; Kreuzer, C.; Zhou, M. L.; Streeter, M. J. V.; Foster, P. S.; Cousens, S.; Dromey, B. et al. Enhanced laser-driven ion acceleration by superponderomotive electrons generated from near-critical-density Plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018, 120, 074801.
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]

Liu, J. B.; Yu, J. Q.; Shou, Y. R.; Wang, D. H.; Hu, R. H.; Tang, Y. H.; Wang, P. J.; Cao, Z. X.; Mei, Z. S.; Lin, C. et al. Generation of bright γ-ray/hard X-ray flash with intense femtosecond pulses and double-layer targets. Phys. Plasmas 2019, 26, 033109.
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]

Macchi, A.; Pegoraro, F. Lighting up a nest for X-ray emission. Nat. Photonics 2023, 17, 129–130.
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]

Shou, Y. R.; Wang, D. H.; Wang, P. J.; Liu, J. B.; Cao, Z. X.; Mei, Z. S.; Xu, S. R.; Pan, Z.; Kong, D. F.; Qi, G. J. et al. High-efficiency generation of narrowband soft X rays from carbon nanotube foams irradiated by relativistic femtosecond lasers. Opt. Lett. 2021, 46, 3969–3972.
Crossref Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 16 Issue 11,
November 2023
Pages 12572-12578
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6256-z
Cite this article:
Ma W. Carbon nanotubes as outstanding targets for laser-driven particle acceleration. Nano Research, 2023, 16(11): 12572-12578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6256-z
Topics:
Carbon

658

Views

3

Crossref

3

Web of Science

3

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 03 September 2023
Revised: 09 October 2023
Accepted: 09 October 2023
Published: 31 October 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
Return