AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Neutral color and self-healable electrochromic system based on CuI/Cu and I3−/I− conversions

Junsen Zhong1,§, Bingkun Huang1,2,§, Kunjie Yang1, Zuju Ma1( ), Lingyu Du1, Ning Luo1,3, Fengjiao Tang1, Chuanxin Hou1, Fuyi Jiang1( ), Litao Kang1( )
College of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing (Yantai), Yantai 264001, China

§ Junsen Zhong and Bingkun Huang contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

A novel conversion-type electrochromic system is proposed based on the CuI/Cu redox couple (CuI + e− → Cu + I−), achieving a reversible neutral color change between transparent (CuI) and dim gray (Cu). In addition, I3− is further introduced into the system by activating the I3−/I− redox couple at higher potential. The generated I3− can spontaneously react with Cu and promote the conversion of “dead” Cu debris back to CuI (I3− + 2Cu → 2CuI + I−), rejuvenating the performance of this system.

Abstract

The electrochromic (EC) mechanisms of inorganic materials are usually based on reversible cation insertion/extraction or metal deposition/dissolution, which are plagued by ion trapping and dendrite growth, respectively. In this paper, a novel conversion-type electrochromic mechanism is proposed, by making good use of the CuI/Cu redox couple. This CuI-based electrochromic system shows a neutral color switching from transparent and dim grey. By simply increasing the bleaching voltage, I3−/I− redox couple can be further activated. The generated I3− will readily react with Cu, effectively improving the conversion reversibility and thereby rejuvenating the degraded electrochromic performance. Thanks to the well-designed electrode and the self-healing ability, this conversion electrochromic system achieves rapid response times (tcoloring: 23 s, tbleaching: 6 s), decant optical modulation amplitude (26.4%), high coloration efficiency (86.15 cm2·C−1), admirable cyclic durability (without performance degradation after 480 cycles) and excellent optical memory ability (transmittance variation < 1% after 10 h open-circuit storage). The establishment of this conversion-type electrochromism may inspire the exploration of novel electrochromic materials and devices.

Keywords

electrochromicCuIconversion reactionself-healingneutral color

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
12274_2023_6322_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (621.6 KB)

References

[1]

Wang, Z.; Wang, X. Y.; Cong, S.; Geng, F. X.; Zhao, Z. G. Fusing electrochromic technology with other advanced technologies: A new roadmap for future development. Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep. 2020, 140, 100524.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]

Madasamy, K.; Velayutham, D.; Suryanarayanan, V.; Kathiresan, M.; Ho, K. C. Viologen-based electrochromic materials and devices. J. Mater. Chem. C 2019, 7, 4622–4637.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]

Yang, B.; Ma, D. Y.; Zheng, E. M.; Wang, J. M. A self-rechargeable electrochromic battery based on electrodeposited polypyrrole film. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2019, 192, 1–7.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

Wang, Y. Y.; Shen, R. P.; Wang, S.; Chen, Q. L.; Gu, C.; Zhang, W. R.; Yang, G. J.; Chen, Q. N.; Zhang, Y. M.; Zhang, S. X. A. A see-through electrochromic display via dynamic metal-ligand interactions. Chem 2021, 7, 1308–1320.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

Shao, Z. W.; Huang, A. B.; Ming, C.; Bell, J.; Yu, P.; Sun, Y. Y.; Jin, L. M.; Ma, L. Y.; Luo, H. J.; Jin, P. et al. All-solid-state proton-based tandem structures for fast-switching electrochromic devices. Nat. Electron. 2022, 5, 45–52.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

Huang, S. Y.; Zhang, R. F.; Shao, P. P.; Zhang, Y. W.; Wen, R. T. Electrochromic performance fading and restoration in amorphous TiO2 thin films. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2022, 10, 2200903.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

Assis, L. M. N.; Leones, R.; Kanicki, J.; Pawlicka, A.; Silva, M. M. Prussian blue for electrochromic devices. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2016, 777, 33–39.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]

Wang, B.; Cui, M. W.; Gao, Y. F.; Jiang, F. Y.; Du, W.; Gao, F.; Kang, L. T.; Zhi, C. Y.; Luo, H. J. A long-life battery-type electrochromic window with remarkable energy storage ability. Sol. RRL 2020, 4, 1900425.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]

Song, J. S.; Huang, B. K.; Xu, Y. Y. J.; Yang, K. J.; Li, Y. F.; Mu, Y. Q.; Du, L. Y.; Yun, S.; Kang, L. T. A low driving-voltage hybrid-electrolyte electrochromic window with only ferreous redox couples. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 213.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

Song, J. S.; Huang, B. K.; Liu, S. Y.; Kang, L. T.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Shang, G. Y.; Yang, Y. X.; Li, X. M.; Wang, D. Y. Facile preparation of Prussian blue electrochromic films for smart-supercapattery via an in- situ replacement reaction. Sol. Energy 2022, 232, 275–282.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

Rai, V.; Tiwari, N.; Rajput, M.; Joshi, S. M.; Nguyen, A. C.; Mathews, N. Reversible electrochemical silver deposition over large areas for smart windows and information display. Electrochim. Acta 2017, 255, 63–71.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

Casini, M. Active dynamic windows for buildings: A review. Renew. Energy 2018, 119, 923–934.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

Huang, Y.; Wang, B. S.; Chen, F. X.; Han, Y.; Zhang, W. S.; Wu, X. K.; Li, R.; Jiang, Q. Y.; Jia, X. L.; Zhang, R. F. Electrochromic materials based on ions insertion and extraction. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2022, 10, 2101783.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Islam, S. M.; Hernandez, T. S.; McGehee, M. D.; Barile, C. J. Hybrid dynamic windows using reversible metal electrodeposition and ion insertion. Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 223–229.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

Gu, C.; Jia, A. B.; Zhang, Y. M.; Zhang, S. X. A. Emerging electrochromic materials and devices for future displays. Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 14679–14721.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

Wen, R. T.; Granqvist, C. G.; Niklasson, G. A. Cyclic voltammetry on sputter-deposited films of electrochromic Ni oxide: Power-law decay of the charge density exchange. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 163502.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

Wen, R. T.; Granqvist, C. G.; Niklasson, G. A. Eliminating degradation and uncovering ion-trapping dynamics in electrochromic WO3 thin films. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 996–1001.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]

Sorar, I.; Pehlivan, İ. B.; Granqvist, C. G.; Niklasson, G. A. Electrochromism of W-In oxide thin films: Implications for cycling durability. Thin Solid Films 2020, 697, 137830.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]

Kim, M. G.; Sim, S.; Cho, J. Novel core–shell Sn-Cu anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries prepared by a redox-transmetalation reaction. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 5154–5158.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]

Zhang, S. L.; Cao, S.; Zhang, T. R.; Fisher, A.; Lee, J. Y. Al3+ intercalation/de-intercalation-enabled dual-band electrochromic smart windows with a high optical modulation, quick response and long cycle life. Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 2884–2892.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]

Wu, C.; Shao, Z. W.; Zhai, W. B.; Zhang, X. S.; Zhang, C.; Zhu, C. Y.; Yu, Y.; Liu, W. Niobium tungsten oxides for electrochromic devices with long-term stability. ACS Nano 2022, 16, 2621–2628.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

Park, S.; Thuy, D. T.; Sarwar, S.; Van Tran, H.; Lee, S. I.; Park, H. S.; Song, S. H.; Han, C. H.; Hong, S. Synergistic effects of Ti-doping induced porous networks on electrochromic performance of WO3 films. J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8, 17245–17253.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]

Wang, Z.; Gong, W. B.; Wang, X. Y.; Chen, Z. G.; Chen, X. L.; Chen, J.; Sun, H. Z.; Song, G.; Cong, S.; Geng, F. X. et al. Remarkable near-infrared electrochromism in tungsten oxide driven by interlayer water-induced battery-to-pseudocapacitor transition. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 33917–33925.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]

B. K.; Song, J. S.; Zhong, J. S.; Wang, H. B.; Zheng, X. Q.; Jia, J. Y.; Yun, S.; You, D. J.; Kimura, H.; Kang, L. T. Prolonging lifespan of Prussian blue electrochromic films by an acid-free bulky-anion potassium organic electrolyte. Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 449, 137850.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

Tao, X.; Liu, D. Q.; Yu, J. S.; Cheng, H. F. Reversible metal electrodeposition devices: An emerging approach to effective light modulation and thermal management. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2021, 9, 2001847.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

Li, N.; Wei, P. P.; Yu, L. N.; Ji, J. Y.; Zhao, J. P.; Gao, C. B.; Li, Y.; Yin, Y. D. Dynamically switchable multicolor electrochromic films. Small 2019, 15, 1804974.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

Lin, D. C.; Liu, Y. Y.; Cui, Y. Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 194–206.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

Strand, M. T.; Hernandez, T. S.; Danner, M. G.; Yeang, A. L.; Jarvey, N.; Barile, C. J.; McGehee, M. D. Polymer inhibitors enable > 900 cm2 dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition with high solar modulation. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 546–554.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

Verma, V.; Kumar, S.; Manalastas, W.; Srinivasan, M. Undesired reactions in aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 1773–1785.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

Liu, Y. B.; Wang, Y. Q.; Zhou, S. M.; Lou, S. Y.; Yuan, L.; Gao, T.; Wu, X. P.; Shi, X. J.; Wang, K. Synthesis of high saturation magnetization superparamagnetic Fe3O4 hollow microspheres for swift chromium removal. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 4913–4920.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]

Barile, C. J.; Slotcavage, D. J.; Hou, J. Y.; Strand, M. T.; Hernandez, T. S.; McGehee, M. D. Dynamic windows with neutral color, high contrast, and excellent durability using reversible metal electrodeposition. Joule 2017, 1, 133–145.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]

Cui, M. W.; Xiao, Y.; Kang, L. T.; Du, W.; Gao, Y. F.; Sun, X. Q.; Zhou, Y. L.; Li, X. M.; Li, H. F.; Jiang, F. Y. et al. Quasi-isolated Au particles as heterogeneous seeds to guide uniform Zn deposition for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 6490–6496.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]

Eh, A. L. S.; Chen, J. W.; Zhou, X. R.; Ciou, J. H.; Lee, P. S. Robust trioptical-state electrochromic energy storage device enabled by reversible metal electrodeposition. ACS Energy Lett. 2021, 6, 4328–4335.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]

Grundmann, M.; Schein, F. L.; Lorenz, M.; Böntgen, T.; Lenzner, J.; von Wenckstern, H. Cuprous iodide—A p-type transparent semiconductor: History and novel applications. Phys. Status Solidi A 2013, 210, 1671–1703.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]

Zhang, B. H.; Yu, X. Y.; Ge, C. Y.; Dong, X. M.; Fang, Y. P.; Li, Z. S.; Wang, H. Q. Novel 3-D superstructures made up of SnO2@C core–shell nanochains for energy storage applications. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 9188–9190.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]

Meng, J. L.; Yang, Z. H.; Chen, L. L.; Zeng, X.; Chen, H. Z.; Cui, F.; Jiang, Y. N. The investigation on the electrochemical performance of CuI as cathode material for zinc storage. Electrochim. Acta 2020, 338, 135915.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]

de Mello, D. A. A.; Oliveira, M. R. S.; de Oliveira, L. C. S.; de Oliveira, S. C. Solid electrolytes for electrochromic devices based on reversible metal electrodeposition. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 103, 17–24.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]

Zhang, Y. X.; Wang, L. Q.; Li, Q. Y.; Hu, B.; Kang, J. M.; Meng, Y. H.; Zhao, Z. D.; Lu, H. B. Iodine promoted ultralow Zn nucleation overpotential and Zn-rich cathode for low-cost, fast-production and high-energy density anode-free Zn-Iodine batteries. Nano-Micro Lett. 2022, 14, 208.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]

Yang, M.; Xu, J. Z.; Xu, S.; Zhu, J. J.; Chen, H. Y. Preparation of porous spherical CuI nanoparticles. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2004, 7, 628–630.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]

Yang, J.; Song, Y. X.; Liu, Q. H.; Tang, A. High-capacity zinc-iodine flow batteries enabled by a polymer-polyiodide complex cathode. J. Mater. Chem. A 2021, 9, 16093–16098.
Crossref Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 5,
May 2024
Pages 4437-4443
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6322-6
Cite this article:
Zhong J, Huang B, Yang K, et al. Neutral color and self-healable electrochromic system based on CuI/Cu and I3−/I− conversions. Nano Research, 2024, 17(5): 4437-4443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6322-6
Topics:
Coatings Display devices Secondary batteries

802

Views

2

Crossref

2

Web of Science

2

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 12 September 2023
Revised: 29 October 2023
Accepted: 06 November 2023
Published: 02 December 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
Return