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Research Article

One-step calcination synthesis of interface-coherent crystallized and surface-passivated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for high-voltage lithium-ion battery

Min Xu1, Bifu Sheng1, Yong Cheng2, Junjie Lu1, Minfeng Chen1, Peng Wang5, Bo Liu3( ), Jizhang Chen1( ), Xiang Han1( ), Ming-Sheng Wang2, Siqi Shi4
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
College of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Western Digital Corporation, 951 Sandisk Dr, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
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Graphical Abstract

In this work, localized interface-coherent crystallized and surface-modified LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode was successfully obtained by a one-step calcination technique. The modified LNMO cathode with multifunctional structural and surface passivating features exhibits excellent electrochemical properties even at 4.9 V, including high rate capability (94 mAh·g−1 at 750 mA·g−1), high capacity retention (95% during 400 cycles) and high energy density (~ 800 Wh·kg−1).

Abstract

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) with a spinel crystal structure presents a compelling avenue towards the development of economic cobalt-free and high voltage (~ 5 V) lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the elevated operational voltage of LNMO gives rise to pronounced interfacial interactions between the distorted surface lattices characterized by Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortions and the electrolyte constituents. Herein, a localized crystallized coherent LaNiO3 and surface passivated Li3PO4 layer is deposited on LNMO via a one-step calcination process. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the epitaxial growth of LaNiO3 along the LNMO lattice can effectively stabilize the structure and inhibit irreversible phase transitions, and the Li3PO4 surface coating can prevent the chemical reaction between HF and transition metals without sacrificing the electrochemical activity. In addition, the ionic conductive Li3PO4 and atomic wetting inter-layer enables fast charge transfer transport property. Consequently, the LNMO material enabled by the lattice bonding and surface passivating features, demonstrates high performance at high current densities and good capacity retention during long-term test. The rational design of interface coherent engineering and surface coating layers of the LNMO cathode material offers a new perspective for the practical application of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.

Keywords

electrochemical performancehigh-voltage cathodeinterface-coherentsurface passivating

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 5,
May 2024
Pages 4192-4202
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-6361-z
Cite this article:
Xu M, Sheng B, Cheng Y, et al. One-step calcination synthesis of interface-coherent crystallized and surface-passivated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 for high-voltage lithium-ion battery. Nano Research, 2024, 17(5): 4192-4202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-6361-z
Topics:
Lithium batteries

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Received: 21 September 2023
Revised: 10 November 2023
Accepted: 23 November 2023
Published: 29 December 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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