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Research Article

Acidic electroreduction CO2 to formic acid via interfacial modification of Bi nanoparticles at industrial-level current

Tian Dong1, Hongdong Li1( ), Zhenhui Wang1, Yanling Geng1, Rui Chang1, Xiaofeng Tian1, Jianping Lai1, Shouhua Feng1, Lei Wang1,2( )
Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering and Green Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Graphical Abstract

The Bi/C nanoparticle electrode shows higher activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction to formicacid in acidic medium (pH = 2) with industrial-level current using quaternary ammonium cationicsurfactants to regulate the interfacial microenvironment.

Abstract

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in acidic media is a promising approach to overcome the unavoidable formation of carbonates in alkaline or neutral electrolytes. However, the proton-rich environment near the catalyst surface favors hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), leading to lower energy efficiency of the desired products, especially in industrial-level current densities. Here, quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) was introduced into acidic electrolyte to modulate the interfacial microenvironment, which greatly enhanced CO2 electroreduction to formic acid (HCOOH) at the Bi/C nanoparticles electrode. Using a Bi/C nanoparticles electrode with CTAB added, constant production of formic acid was enabled with a cathodic energy efficiency of > 40% and maximum FEHCOOH (FE = Faradaic efficiency) of 86.2% at −400 mA·cm−2 over 24 h. Combined with in-situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the concentration of *OCHO intermediates significantly increased after CTAB modification, confirming that the hydrophobic interface microenvironment formed by dynamic adsorption of positively charged long alkyl chains on Bi/C nanoparticle electrodes inhibited HER and improved the selectivity of CO2RR to HCOOH.

Keywords

acidic mediaCO2 electrolysiselectrolyte additivehydrophobic interfacial microenvironmentindustrial-level current

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 7,
July 2024
Pages 5817-5825
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6536-2
Cite this article:
Dong T, Li H, Wang Z, et al. Acidic electroreduction CO2 to formic acid via interfacial modification of Bi nanoparticles at industrial-level current. Nano Research, 2024, 17(7): 5817-5825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6536-2
Topics:
Electrocatalysis

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Received: 25 December 2023
Revised: 29 January 2024
Accepted: 30 January 2024
Published: 23 March 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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