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Research Article

Highly cycle-stable VOPO4-based cathodes for magnesium ion batteries: Insight into the role of interlayer engineering in batteries performance

Jiahe ZhangJing ShangXiaojun ZhangKe Wang( )Yihe Zhang( )
Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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Graphical Abstract

Various interlayer spacing VOPO4 electrodes were constructed by interlayer engineering. The relationship between interlayer spacing and electrochemical performance was studied by multiple indexes, and the expanded interlayer electrode with the best comprehensive performance was given.

Abstract

It is the sluggish ion migration kinetics that seriously affects the practical performance of the magnesium ion batteries. Even though an electrode material design using rational interlayer engineering method could effectively solve this issue, the optimal interlayer distance remains undetermined. Herein, various VOPO4-based electrodes with expanded interlayer spacing were fabricated and the relationship between interlayer structure and battery performance was revealed. Electrochemical analysis combined with computations unveils the existence of an optimal interlayer structure, as inadequate expansion failed to fully utilization of the material performance, while excessive expansion degraded the electrode stability. Among them, the electrode with triethylene glycol (TEG) intercalation exhibited optimized performance, maintaining excellent cycling stability (191.3 mAh·g−1 after 800 cycles). Density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated the effectiveness and limitations to lowering the migration energy barrier by expanding the interlayer engineering. In addition, systematic mechanism research revealed the Mg2+ storage process: The stepwise shuttling of Mg2+ along the directions that lie in (001) plane triggers two pairs of redox processes, namely V5+/V4+ and V4+/V3+. This study, regulation of layer spacing to achieve the best integrated performance of electrodes, could deepen the understanding of interlayer engineering and guide the design of advanced multivalent-ion batteries.

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Nano Research
Pages 6127-6138
Cite this article:
Zhang J, Shang J, Zhang X, et al. Highly cycle-stable VOPO4-based cathodes for magnesium ion batteries: Insight into the role of interlayer engineering in batteries performance. Nano Research, 2024, 17(7): 6127-6138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6596-3
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Received: 27 December 2023
Revised: 13 February 2024
Accepted: 27 February 2024
Published: 30 April 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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