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Research Article

Biophysical-driven piezoelectric and aligned nanofibrous scaffold promotes bone regeneration by re-establishing physiological electrical microenvironment

Aoao Wang1,§, Xinbo Ma2,§, Yafeng Yang1,§, Guoliang Shi1, Liwei Han1, Xiantong Hu1, Rui Shi3( ), Jun Yan4( ), Quanyi Guo5( ), Yantao Zhao1( )
Senior Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
National Center for Orthopaedics; Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics; Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
Xijing 986 Hospital Department, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing 100853, China

§ Aoao Wang, Xinbo Ma, and Yafeng Yang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

In this study, we developed a biophysical-driven piezoelectric and aligned ZnO@PCL/PVDF nanofibrous scaffold using electrospinning technology. It not only serves as microscopic bridges to guide cellular growth behavior and promote osteogenic differentiation, but also inhibits bacterial growth and induces M2 macrophage polarization, exhibiting potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.

Abstract

The initial healing stages of bone fracture is a complex physiological process involving a series of spatially and temporally overlapping events, including pathogen clearance, immunological modulation, and osteogenesis. In this study, we have developed a piezoelectric and aligned nanofibrous scaffold composed of ZnO@PCL/PVDF with multiple antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and osteogenic effects using electrospinning technology. This scaffold’s piezoelectric signal output under ultrasound (US) control can be similar to the physiological electrical signals of healthy bone tissue, creating a truly biomimetic electrical microenvironment in the bone defect. In vitro studies have shown that ZnO@PCL/PVDF scaffold significantly enhances the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under piezoelectric drive provided by ultrasound. Furthermore, the scaffold exhibits inhibitory effects on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus, as well as the ability to induce M2 macrophage polarization, indicating potent antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the ZnO@PCL/PVDF scaffold can accelerate the repair of mandibular defects in rats, effectively inhibit bacterial colonization, and reduce inflammatory responses. Altogether, this study confirms that the newly developed ZnO@PCL/PVDF scaffold effectively promotes bone repair by truly mimicking the endogenous electrical microenvironment and precisely regulating the temporospatial disorders of initial bone healing, thus providing a simple and effective solution for bone defects.

Keywords

piezoelectricitybone defectbacterial infectionZnO nanoparticlesimmunomodulationosteogenesis

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 8,
August 2024
Pages 7376-7393
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6673-7
Cite this article:
Wang A, Ma X, Yang Y, et al. Biophysical-driven piezoelectric and aligned nanofibrous scaffold promotes bone regeneration by re-establishing physiological electrical microenvironment. Nano Research, 2024, 17(8): 7376-7393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6673-7
Topics:
NanofibersTissue regeneration

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Received: 30 December 2023
Revised: 31 March 2024
Accepted: 01 April 2024
Published: 07 May 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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