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Research Article

Naked-eye visualization of lymph nodes using fluorescence nanoprobes in non-human primate-animal models

Xiaoyuan Ji1,2,§, Binbin Chu1,§, Xiaofeng Wu4,§, Zhiming Xia3,5,§, Airui Jiang1, Chenyu Wang1, Zhiming Chen4, Danni Zhong3,5, Qiaolin Wei6, Bin Song1, Wanlin Li5, Yiling Zhong1, Houyu Wang1, Fenglin Dong4( ), Min Zhou3,5( ), Yao He1,7,8( )
Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
State Key Laboratory (SKL) of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
Macao Translational Medicine Center, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China

§ Xiaoyuan Ji, Binbin Chu, Xiaofeng Wu, and Zhiming Xia contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

We herein present a pioneering demonstration of nanomaterials based optical imaging-guided surgical operation by using macaques as non-human primate-animal models. Typically, taking advantages of strong and stable fluorescence of small-sized (diameter: ~ 5 nm) silicon-based nanoparticles (SiNPs), lymphatic drainage patterns can be vividly visualized in a real-time manner, and lymph nodes (LNs) are able to be sensitively detected and precisely excised from small animal models (e.g., rats and rabbits) to non-human primate animal models (e.g., cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)).

Abstract

Despite sufficient studies performed in non-primate animal models, there exists scanty information obtained from pilot trials in non-human primate animal models, severely hindering nanomaterials moving from basic research into clinical practice. We herein present a pioneering demonstration of nanomaterials based optical imaging-guided surgical operation by using macaques as a typical kind of non-human primate-animal models. Typically, taking advantages of strong and stable fluorescence of the small-sized (diameter: ~ 5 nm) silicon-based nanoparticles (SiNPs), lymphatic drainage patterns can be vividly visualized in a real-time manner, and lymph nodes (LN) are able to be sensitively detected and precisely excised from small animal models (e.g., rats and rabbits) to non-human primate animal models (e.g., cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)). Compared to clinically used invisible near-infrared (NIR) lymphatic tracers (i.e., indocyanine green (ICG); etc.), we fully indicate that the SiNPs feature unique advantages for naked-eye visible fluorescence-guided surgical operation in long-term manners. Thorough toxicological analysis in macaque models further provides confirming evidence of favorable biocompatibility of the SiNPs probes. We expect that our findings would facilitate the translation of nanomaterials from the laboratory to the clinic, especially in the field of cancer treatment.

Keywords

fluorescent silicon nanoparticleslymph nodereal-timenaked-eye visualizationmacaque models

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 8,
August 2024
Pages 7404-7414
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6683-5
Cite this article:
Ji X, Chu B, Wu X, et al. Naked-eye visualization of lymph nodes using fluorescence nanoprobes in non-human primate-animal models. Nano Research, 2024, 17(8): 7404-7414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6683-5
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Received: 21 February 2024
Revised: 01 April 2024
Accepted: 03 April 2024
Published: 27 June 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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