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Research Article

Building of lightweight Nb2CTx MXene@Co nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet arrays@carbon fiber aerogels for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption in X and Ku bands inspired by sea cucumber

Jiatong Yan1,2, Ce Cui1,2, Wenhao Bai4, Hong Tang5, Ronghui Guo1,2,3( )
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute, Sichuan University, Yibin 644005, China
High-Tech Organic Fibers Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structural Corrosion Prevention and Control, China Special Vehicle Research Institute, Jingmen 448035, China
Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto City 606-8501, Japan
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Graphical Abstract

Inspired by sea cucumbers, a lightweight Nb2CTx MXene@Co nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet array@carbon fiber aerogel is constructed, which provides ideas for the design and development of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with efficient electromagnetic wave absorption in X and Ku bands.

Abstract

The problems of electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution in X and Ku bands (8–18 GHz) are becoming more and more serious. Therefore, it is urgent to design EMW absorbing materials with high-efficiency such as thin thickness, lightweight, wide bandwidth and strong EMW absorption. Inspired by the biomorph of sea cucumber, Nb2CTx MXene@Co nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet arrays@carbon fiber aerogels (Nb2CTx@Co-NC@CFA, Nb2CTx = niobium carbide) were constructed by self-assembly, in-situ chemical deposition and subsequent pyrolysis. The carbon fiber aerogel, as the basic skeleton of sea cucumber, forms lightweight three-dimensional interconnected conductive network, enhances the dielectric loss and extends the multiple reflection and absorption paths of EMW. As the tentacles of sea cucumber surface, Nb2CTx MXene and Co nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet arrays exist rich heterogeneous interfaces, which play an important role in improving EMW polarization loss and optimizing impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of Nb2CTx@Co-NC@CFA reaches –54.7 dB at 9.84 GHz (2.36 mm) with a low filling ratio of 10 wt.% and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of Nb2CTx@Co-NC@CFA reaches 2.96 GHz (8.48–11.44 GHz) with 2.36 mm and 5.2 GHz (12.8–18 GHz) with 1.6 mm, covering most of X and Ku bands by adjusting thickness. The radar cross section (RCS) value of Nb2CTx@Co-NC@CFA is 26.64 dB·m2, which is lower than that of the perfect electrical conductor (PEC), indicating that Nb2CTx@Co-NC@CFA can effectively decrease the probability of the target being detected by the radar detector. This work provides ideas for design and development of EMW absorbing materials with high-efficiency EMW absorption in X and Ku bands.

Keywords

bionic sea cucumberNb2CTx MXeneCo nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet arrayscarbon fiber aerogellightweightelectromagnetic wave absorption

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 11,
November 2024
Pages 9261-9274
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6898-5
Cite this article:
Yan J, Cui C, Bai W, et al. Building of lightweight Nb2CTx MXene@Co nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet arrays@carbon fiber aerogels for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption in X and Ku bands inspired by sea cucumber. Nano Research, 2024, 17(11): 9261-9274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6898-5
Topics:
Carbon composites

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Received: 25 June 2024
Revised: 14 July 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2024
Published: 07 September 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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