AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Nano Research Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Microstructural evolution in lithium plating process and its effect on the calendar storage life

Ki Hwan Koh1, Dong Ju Lee1, Anthony Mu1, Kangwoon Kim2, Taehee Kim1( ), Zheng Chen1,2,3( )
Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Show Author Information

Graphical Abstract

Our research reveals that increasing the Li plating amount on metal anodes reduces Coulombic efficiency (C.E.) loss and mitigates corrosion issues during storage, suggesting that electrolyte selection for optimal storage life must account for Li plating levels to enhance battery performance and longevity.

Abstract

The growing demand for electric vehicles highlights the need for energy storage solutions with higher densities, spotlighting Li metal anodes as potential successors to traditional Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Achieving longer calendar aging life for Li metal anodes is crucial for their practical use, given their propensity for corrosion due to a low redox potential, which leads to compromised cycling stability and significant capacity loss during storage. Recent research investigated that this susceptibility is mainly dependent on the surface area of Li metal anode and the properties of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), particularly its stability and growth rate. Our research adds to this understanding by demonstrating that the amount of Li plating is a key factor in its corrosion during open-circuit storage, as assessed across various electrolytes. We discovered that increasing the Li plating amount effectively reduces Coulombic efficiency (C.E.) loss during aging, due to a lower surface area-to-Li ratio. This implies that the choice of electrolyte for optimal storage life should consider the amount of Li plating, with higher capacities promoting better storage characteristics.

Keywords

lithium metal batteriesanode-free batteriescalendar life of batterieslithium anode corrosion

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
6907_ESM.pdf (820.5 KB)

References

[1]

Xu, W.; Wang, J. L.; Ding, F.; Chen, X. L.; Nasybulin, E.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, J. G. Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 513–537.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]

Lin, D. C.; Liu, Y. Y.; Cui, Y. Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 194–206.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]

Dunn, B.; Kamath, H.; Tarascon, J. M. Electrical energy storage for the grid: A battery of choices. Science 2011, 334, 928–935.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

Holoubek, J.; Kim, K.; Yin, Y. J.; Wu, Z. H.; Liu, H. D.; Li, M. Q.; Chen, A.; Gao, H. P.; Cai, G. R.; Pascal, T. A. et al. Electrolyte design implications of ion-pairing in low-temperature Li metal batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 1647–1658.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

Tarascon, J. M.; Armand, M. Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature 2001, 414, 359–367.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

Lu, H. T.; Yang, C. P.; Wang, F. F.; Wang, L.; Zhou, J. H.; Chen, W.; Yang, Q. H. Interfacial high-concentration electrolyte for stable lithium metal anode: Theory, design, and demonstration. Nano Res 2023, 16, 8321–8328.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

Wang, Q. Y.; Liu, B.; Shen, Y. H.; Wu, J. K.; Zhao, Z. Q.; Zhong, C.; Hu, W. B. Confronting the challenges in lithium anodes for lithium metal batteries. Adv. Sci. 2021, 8, 2101111.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]

Endo, M.; Kim, C.; Nishimura, K.; Fujino, T.; Miyashita, K. Recent development of carbon materials for Li ion batteries. Carbon 2000, 38, 183–197.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]

Fang, C. C.; Li, J. X.; Zhang, M. H.; Zhang, Y. H.; Yang, F.; Lee, J. Z.; Lee, M. H.; Alvarado, J.; Schroeder, M. A.; Yang, Y. Y. C. et al. Quantifying inactive lithium in lithium metal batteries. Nature 2019, 572, 511–515.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

Li, Y. Z.; Huang, W.; Li, Y. B.; Pei, A.; Boyle, D. T.; Cui, Y. Correlating structure and function of battery interphases at atomic resolution using cryoelectron microscopy. Joule 2018, 2, 2167–2177.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

Li, S.; Luo, Z.; Li, L.; Hu, J. G.; Zou, G. Q.; Hou, H. S.; Ji, X. B. Recent progress on electrolyte additives for stable lithium metal anode. Energy Storage Mater. 2020, 32, 306–319.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

Zhang, Y. J.; Wu, Y.; Li, H. Y.; Chen, J. H.; Lei, D. N.; Wang, C. X. A dual-function liquid electrolyte additive for high-energy non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 1297.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

Ma, Q. T.; Cui, J. Y.; Luo, J. Y.; Dong, A. P. Nonreactive electrolyte additives for stable lithium metal anodes. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 3–13.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Chen, C.; Zhang, J. M.; Hu, B. R.; Liang, Q. W.; Xiong, X. H. Dynamic gel as artificial interphase layer for ultrahigh-rate and large-capacity lithium metal anode. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 4018.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

Hu, A. J.; Chen, W.; Du, X. C.; Hu, Y.; Lei, T. Y.; Wang, H. B.; Xue, L. X.; Li, Y. Y.; Sun, H.; Yan, Y. C. et al. An artificial hybrid interphase for an ultrahigh-rate and practical lithium metal anode. Energy Environ. Sci. 2021, 14, 4115–4124.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

Chen, C.; Liang, Q. W.; Wang, G.; Liu, D. D.; Xiong, X. H. Grain-boundary-rich artificial SEI layer for high-rate lithium metal anodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2107249.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

Fan, L. S.; Guo, Z. K.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, X.; Zhao, C. Y.; Sun, X.; Yang, G. Y.; Feng, Y. J.; Zhang, N. Q. Stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase films for lithium metal anode via metal-organic frameworks cemented by polyvinyl alcohol. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, 8, 251–258.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]

Cao, X.; Jia, H.; Xu, W.; Zhang, J. G. Review-localized high-concentration electrolytes for lithium batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168, 010522.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]

Efaw, C. M.; Wu, Q. S.; Gao, N. S. J.; Zhang, Y. G.; Zhu, H. Y.; Gering, K.; Hurley, M. F.; Xiong, H.; Hu, E. Y.; Cao, X. et al. Localized high-concentration electrolytes get more localized through micelle-like structures. Nat. Mater. 2023, 22, 1531–1539.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]

Zhang, C.; Gu, S. C.; Zhang, D. F.; Ma, J. B.; Zheng, H.; Zheng, M. Y.; Lv, R. T.; Yu, K.; Wu, J. Q.; Wang, X. M. et al. Nonflammable, localized high-concentration electrolyte towards a high-safety lithium metal battery. Energy Storage Mater. 2022, 52, 355–364.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]

Liu, T. C.; Chen, X. D.; Zhan, C. C.; Cao, X. H.; Wang, Y. W.; Liu, J. H. Selective lithium deposition on 3D porous heterogeneous lithiophilic skeleton for ultrastable lithium metal anodes. ChemNanoMat 2020, 6, 1200–1207.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

Feng, X.; Wu, H.-H.; Gao, B.; Świętosławski, M.; He, X.; Zhang, Q. Lithiophilic N-doped carbon bowls induced Li deposition in layered graphene film for advanced lithium metal batteries. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 352–360.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]

Yang, C. P.; Zhang, L.; Liu, B. Y.; Xu, S. M.; Hamann, T.; McOwen, D.; Dai, J. Q.; Luo, W.; Gong, Y. H.; Wachsman, E. D. et al. Continuous plating/stripping behavior of solid-state lithium metal anode in a 3D ion-conductive framework. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, 115, 3770–3775.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]

Dubarry, M.; Qin, N.; Brooker, P. Calendar aging of commercial Li-ion cells of different chemistries—A review. Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 2018, 9, 106–113.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

Xiong, X. S.; Qiao, Q.; Zhou, Q.; Cheng, X. B.; Liu, L. L.; Fu, L. J.; Chen, Y. H.; Wang, B.; Wu, X. W.; Wu, Y. P. Constructing a lithiophilic polyaniline coating via in situ polymerization for dendrite-free lithium metal anode. Nano Res. 2023, 16, 8448–8456.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

Boyle, D. T.; Huang, W.; Wang, H. S.; Li, Y. Z.; Chen, H.; Yu, Z. A.; Zhang, W. B.; Bao, Z. N.; Cui, Y. Corrosion of lithium metal anodes during calendar ageing and its microscopic origins. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 487–494.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

Kolesnikov, A.; Kolek, M.; Dohmann, J. F.; Horsthemke, F.; Börner, M.; Bieker, P.; Winter, M.; Stan, M. C. Galvanic corrosion of lithium-powder-based electrodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2000017.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

Gunnarsdóttir, A. B.; Amanchukwu, C. V.; Menkin, S.; Grey, C. P. Noninvasive in situ NMR study of “dead lithium” formation and lithium corrosion in full-cell lithium metal batteries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 20814–20827.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

Lin, D. C.; Liu, Y. Y.; Li, Y. B.; Li, Y. Z.; Pei, A.; Xie, J.; Huang, W.; Cui, Y. Fast galvanic lithium corrosion involving a kirkendall-type mechanism. Nat. Chem. 2019, 11, 382–389.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

Qian, J. F.; Henderson, W. A.; Xu, W.; Bhattacharya, P.; Engelhard, M.; Borodin, O.; Zhang, G. High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 6362.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]

Lu, Y.; Zhao, C. Z.; Huang, J. Q.; Zhang, Q. The timescale identification decoupling complicated kinetic processes in lithium batteries. Joule 2022, 6, 1172–1198.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]

Weng, S. T.; Zhang, X.; Yang, G. J.; Zhang, S. M.; Ma, B. Y.; Liu, Q. Y.; Liu, Y.; Peng, C. X.; Chen, H. X.; Yu, H. L. et al. Temperature-dependent interphase formation and Li+ transport in lithium metal batteries. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 4474.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]

Parimalam, B. S.; MacIntosh, A. D.; Kadam, R.; Lucht, B. L. Decomposition reactions of anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components with LiPF6. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 22733–22738.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]

Stetson, C.; Yin, Y. L.; Jiang, C. S.; DeCaluwe, S. C.; Al-Jassim, M.; Neale, N. R.; Ban, C.; Burrell, A. Temperature-dependent solubility of solid electrolyte interphase on silicon electrodes. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 2770–2775.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]

McBrayer, J. D.; Rodrigues, M. T. F.; Schulze, M. C.; Abraham, D. P.; Apblett, C. A.; Bloom, I.; Carroll, G. M.; Colclasure, A. M.; Fang, C.; Harrison, K. L. et al. Calendar aging of silicon-containing batteries. Nat. Energy 2021, 6, 866–872.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]

Chen, S. R.; Zheng, J. M.; Mei, D. H.; Han, K. S.; Engelhard, M. H.; Zhao, W. G.; Xu, W.; Liu, J.; Zhang, J. G. High-voltage lithium-metal batteries enabled by localized high-concentration electrolytes. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1706102.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]

Chang, C. Y.; Yao, Y.; Li, R. R.; Cong, Z. F.; Li, L. W.; Guo, Z. H.; Hu, W. G.; Pu, X. Stable lithium metal batteries enabled by localized high-concentration electrolytes with sevoflurane as a diluent. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 9001–9009.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]

Adams, B. D.; Zheng, J. M.; Ren, X. D.; Xu, W.; Zhang, J. G. Accurate determination of coulombic efficiency for lithium metal anodes and lithium metal batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1702097.
Crossref Google Scholar
Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 10,
October 2024
Pages 8834-8841
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6907-z
Cite this article:
Koh KH, Lee DJ, Mu A, et al. Microstructural evolution in lithium plating process and its effect on the calendar storage life. Nano Research, 2024, 17(10): 8834-8841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6907-z
Topics:
Electric energy storageEnergy storageIon batteriesLithium batteries
Part of a topical collection:
Tenth Nano Research Award

383

Views

0

Crossref

0

Web of Science

0

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 06 February 2024
Revised: 06 July 2024
Accepted: 23 July 2024
Published: 21 August 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
Return