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Research Article

Asymmetric fireproof gel polymer electrolyte constructed by boron-contained covalent organic framework for dendrite-free sodium metal battery

Zhanming Liu1,§, Rui Wang1,§, Jiayi Yu1, Zhengrui Miao1, Zijian Xu1, Jianguo Ren2, Suli Chen1( ), Tianxi Liu1
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China

§ Zhanming Liu and Rui Wang contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

A unique boron-contained covalent framework enhanced asymmetric fireproof gel polymer electrolyte is proposed to achieve dendrite-free sodium metal batteries, which can endow the sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with excellent electrochemical properties and practical safety.

Abstract

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with flexibility, easy processability, and low cost have been regarded as promising alternatives for conventional liquid electrolytes in next-generation sodium metal batteries (SMBs). However, GPEs often suffer from combustion risk and inferior interfacial compatibility toward Na metal anode, which severely limit their wide commercial applications. Here, a rational design of asymmetric fireproof GPE (AFGPE) modified with a boron-contained covalent organic framework (BCOF) on one side is developed through in-situ crosslinking polymerization process. Benefiting from the unique structure and composition, the resulting AFGPE exhibits high Na+ transference number, wide electrochemical window, excellent mechanical properties and high safety. Especially, the nanoscale BCOF layer with uniform nanochannels works as ion sieve that homogenizes Na+ flux during Na plating process, while the abundant Lewis-acid B sites can strongly capture counter anions and decrease space charge layer at anode side, thus promoting the uniform Na deposition to effectively suppress dendrite growth. Consequently, the Na/AFGPE/Na symmetric cells demonstrate remarkable cycling stability for over 1200 h at 0.1 mA·cm−2, and the solid-state SMBs exhibit outstanding cycling properties and rate capability, delivering a high capacity retention of 96.4% under current density of 1 C for over 1000 cycles.

Keywords

gel polymer electrolytesodium metal batterycovalent organic frameworkflame-retardantinterfacial stability

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Nano Research
Volume 17 Issue 11,
November 2024
Pages 9679-9687
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-024-6910-0
Cite this article:
Liu Z, Wang R, Yu J, et al. Asymmetric fireproof gel polymer electrolyte constructed by boron-contained covalent organic framework for dendrite-free sodium metal battery. Nano Research, 2024, 17(11): 9679-9687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6910-0
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Received: 30 May 2024
Revised: 15 July 2024
Accepted: 22 July 2024
Published: 13 August 2024
© Tsinghua University Press 2024
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