Co²⁺ substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite: Evaluation of structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic properties

We report the synthesis of Co²⁺ substituted Mg–Cu–Zn ferrite via citrate gel combustion process and thereby its structural, transport, and magnetic properties for the use in electromagnetic energy absorption application. The polycrystalline ferrite system is investigated by interplay of stoichiometric composition with Mg_0.25–xCo_xCu_0.25Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25). Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) reveal the formation of spinel structure with linear growth of lattice constant due to Co²⁺ substitution. The microstructural analysis (TEM and SEM) depicts the dense microstructure with the average grain size of 0.42– 1.25 µm. The elemental analysis (EDS) confirms the elemental composition of the as-prepared ferrite with respect to the initial concentrations of the synthetic composition used. The observed variations in initial permeability ( ${\mu }_{\text{i}}$) and magnetic moment ( $n_{\text{B}}$) are explained based on deviation in saturation magnetization ( $M_{\text{s}}$), anisotropy constant ( $K_1$), density values, and exchange interaction. The temperature dependence of DC resistivity confirms the semiconducting behavior of the as-prepared ferrite material, with an increase in the DC resistivity by an incorporation of cobalt. Furthermore, the effects of adding Co²⁺ on the Curie temperature, frequency dependent dielectric properties of the ferrite material are also discussed.