AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Journal of Advanced Ceramics Article
PDF (18.9 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Improved performances of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by seed induced crystallization

Ting ZHAOa, Mei-Mei LIANa, Yi QINa( ), Jian-Feng ZHUa, Xin-Gang KONGa, Jian-Feng YANGb
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Self-reinforced lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5, LD) glass-ceramics were hot pressing sintered by introducing 5 wt% Li2Si2O5 crystal seeds into two different glass compositions of SiO2–Li2O–P2O5–ZrO2–Al2O3–K2O–La2O3 (7C LD) and SiO2–Li2O–K2O–La2O3 (4C LD). The results show that the seeds play an important role in the crystallization inducement, and microstructural and property improvement of the glass, especially for the glass powder without the nucleating agent of P2O5. The microstructure features a wider bimodal grain size distribution with large rod-like crystals epitaxially grown along the seeds and small crystals nucleated from the glass powder itself, contributing to the improvement of the performance especially the fracture toughness. The specimen of 4C LD glass with the addition of 5 wt% Li2Si2O5 seeds exhibited the best comprehensive properties with a good flexural strength (396±7 MPa), improved fracture toughness (3.31±0.19 MPa·m1/2), and comparable translucency as IPS e.max. This research provides a new idea and method for the improvement of the fracture toughness of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics without affecting its aesthetic appearance, and lays the foundation for its clinical applications.

Keywords

lithium disilicate (LD)seedsmechanical propertiestranslucency

References

[1]
Thieme K, Avramov I, Rüssel C. The mechanism of deceleration of nucleation and crystal growth by the small addition of transition metals to lithium disilicate glasses. Sci Rep 2016, 6: 25451.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Gaddam A, Fernandes HR, Tulyaganov DU, et al. Role of manganese on the structure, crystallization and sintering of non-stoichiometric lithium disilicate glasses. Rsc Adv 2014, 4: 13581-13592.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Zhao T, Qin Y, Wang B, et al. Improved densification and properties of pressureless-sintered lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Mat Sci Eng A 2015, 620: 399-406.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Wang F, Gao J, Wang H, et al. Flexural strength and translucent characteristics of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different P2O5 content. Mater Des 2010, 31: 3270-3274.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Huang SF, Li Y, Wei SH, et al. A novel high-strength lithium disilicate glass-ceramic featuring a highly intertwined microstructure. J Eur Ceram Soc 2017, 37: 1083-1094.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Wen LE, Roberts HW, Platt JA, et al. Microstructural evolution and physical behavior of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater 2015, 31: 928-940.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Zhang F, Reveron H, Spies BC, et al. Trade-off between fracture resistance and translucency of zirconia and lithium-disilicate glass ceramics for monolithic restorations. Acta Biomater 2019, 91: 24-34.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Tinschert J, Natt G, Mautsch W, et al. Fracture resistance of lithium disilicate-, alumina-, and zirconia-based three-unit fixed partial dentures: A laboratory study. Int J Prosthodont 2001, 14: 231-238.
Google Scholar
[9]
Harada K, Raigrodski AJ, Chung KH, et al. A comparative evaluation of the translucency of zirconias and lithium disilicate for monolithic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2016, 116: 257-263.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Huang X, Zheng X, Zhao G, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconia-toughened lithium disilicate glass-ceramic composites. Mater Chem Phys 2014, 143: 845-852.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Thieme K, Ruessel C. Nucleation and growth kinetics and phase analysis in zirconia-containing lithium disilicate glass. J Mater Sci 2015, 50: 1488-1499.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Schweiger M, Frank M, Von Clausbruch SC, et al. Microstructure and properties of a composite system for dental applications composed of glass-ceramics in the SiO2–Li2O–ZrO2–P2O5 system and ZrO2-ceramic (TZP). J Mater Sci 1999, 34: 4563-4572.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater 2016, 32: 908-914.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Bergamo ETP, Bordin D, Ramalho IS, et al. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate crowns: Effect of thickness on survival and failure mode. Dent Mater 2019, 35: 1007-1016.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Zhang NZ, Anusavice KJ. Effect of alumina on the strength, fracture toughness, and crystal structure of fluorcanasite glass-ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1999, 82: 2509-2513.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Tzeng JM, Duh JG, Chung KH, et al. Al2O3- and ZrO2-modified dental glass ceramics. J Mater Sci 1993, 28: 6127-6135.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, et al. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part I. Pressable and alumina glass-infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater 2004, 20: 441-448.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Kotoul M, Pokluda J, Šandera P, et al. Toughening effects quantification in glass matrix composite reinforced by alumina platelets. Acta Mater 2008, 56: 2908-2918.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Xia L, Wang XY, Wen GW, et al. Influence of brick pattern interface structure on mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics matrix composites. J Eur Ceram Soc 2012, 32: 409-418.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Sarno RD, Tomozawa M. Toughening mechanisms for a zirconia-lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic. J Mater Sci 1995, 30: 4380-4388.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Heffernan MJ, Aquilino SA, Diaz-Arnold AM, et al. Relative translucency of six all-ceramic systems. Part II: Core and veneer materials. J Prosthet Dent 2002, 88: 10-15.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Gonzaga CC, Okada CY, Cesar PF, et al. Effect of processing induced particle alignment on the fracture toughness and fracture behavior of multiphase dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2009, 25: 1293-1301.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Wen G, Zheng X, Song L. Effects of P2O5 and sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Acta Mater 2007, 55: 3583-3591.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Denry IL, Holloway JA. Effect of post-processing heat treatment on the fracture strength of a heat-pressed dental ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2004, 68B: 174-179.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Albakry M, Guazzato M, Swain MV. Influence of hot pressing on the microstructure and fracture toughness of two pressable dental glass-ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2004, 71B: 99-107.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Yuan K, Wang F, Gao J, et al. Effect of zircon-based tricolor pigments on the color, microstructure, flexural strength and translucency of a novel dental lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2014, 102: 98-107.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Yuan K, Wang F, Gao J, et al. Effect of sintering time on the microstructure, flexural strength and translucency of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. J Non-Cryst Solids 2013, 362: 7-13.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Shan ZJ, Liu JX, Shi F, et al. A new strengthening theory for improving the fracture strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by introducing Rb or Cs ions. J Non-Cryst Solids 2018, 481: 479-485.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Shan ZJ, Liu JX, Liu M, et al. Surface strengthening of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic by ion-exchange using Rb, Cs nitrates. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 12466-12471.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Zheng X, Wen G, Song L, et al. Effects of P2O5 and heat treatment on crystallization and microstructure in lithium disilicate glass ceramics. Acta Mater 2008, 56: 549-558.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Molla AR, Chakradhar RPS, Kesavulu CR, et al. Microstructure, mechanical, EPR and optical properties of lithium disilicate glasses and glass-ceramics doped with Mn2+ ions. J Alloys Compd 2012, 512: 105-114.
Google Scholar
[32]
Thompson JY, Anusavice KJ, Balasubramaniam B, et al. Effect of micmcracking on the fracture toughness and fracture surface fractal dimension of lithia-based glass-ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 1995, 78: 3045-3049.
Google Scholar
[33]
Zhao T, Li AJ, Qin Y, et al. Influence of SiO2 contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by reaction sintering. J Non-Cryst Solids 2019, 512: 148-154.
Google Scholar
[34]
Zhao T, Qin Y, Zhang P, et al. High-performance, reaction sintered lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Ceram Int 2014, 40: 12449-12457.
Google Scholar
[35]
Hirao K, Nagaoka T, Brito ME, et al. Microstructure control of silicon nitride by seeding with rodlike β-silicon nitride particles. J Am Ceram Soc 1994, 77: 1857-1862.
Google Scholar
[36]
Pyzik AJ, Beaman DR. Microstructure and properties of self-reinforced silicon nitride. J Am Ceram Soc 1993, 76: 2737-2744.
Google Scholar
[37]
Yoshizawa YI, Toriyama M, Kanzaki S. Preparation of high fracture toughness alumina sintered bodies from bayer aluminum hydroxide. J Ceram Soc Jpn 1998, 106: 1172-1177.
Google Scholar
[38]
Chen IW, Rosenflanz A. A tough SiAlON ceramic based on α-Si3N4 with a whisker-like microstructure. Nature 1997, 389: 701-704.
Google Scholar
[39]
Peillon FC, Thevenot F. Microstructural designing of silicon nitride related to toughness. J Eur Ceram Soc 2002, 22: 271-278.
Google Scholar
[40]
Becher PF, Hsueh CH, Angelini P, et al. Toughening behavior in whisker-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. J Am Ceram Soc 1988, 71: 1050-1061.
Google Scholar
[41]
Wang B, Yang J, Guo R, et al. Microstructure and property enhancement of silicon nitride-barium aluminum silicate composites with β-Si3N4 seed addition. J Mater Sci 2009, 44: 1351-1356.
Google Scholar
[42]
Höland W, Apel E, van‘t Hoen C, et al. Studies of crystal phase formations in high-strength lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. J Non-Cryst Solids 2006, 352: 4041-4050.
Google Scholar
[43]
Soares PC, Zanotto ED, Fokin VM, et al. TEM and XRD study of early crystallization of lithium disilicate glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids 2003, 331: 217-227.
Google Scholar
[44]
Fernandes HR, Tulyaganov DU, Goel A, et al. Effect of K2O on structure-property relationships and phase transformations in Li2O-SiO2 glasses. J Eur Ceram Soc 2012, 32: 291-298.
Google Scholar
[45]
Thieme K, Rüssel C. Nucleation inhibitors—The effect of small concentrations of Al2O3, La2O3 or TiO2 on nucleation and crystallization of lithium disilicate. J Eur Ceram Soc 2014, 34: 3969-3979.
Google Scholar
[46]
Bischoff C, Eckert H, Apel E, et al. Phase evolution in lithium disilicate glass-ceramics based on non-stoichiometric compositions of a multi-component system: Structural studies by 29Si single and double resonance solid state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011, 13: 4540-4551.
Google Scholar
[47]
Apel E, van’t Hoen C, Rheinberger V, et al. Influence of ZrO2 on the crystallization and properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics derived from a multi-component system. J Eur Ceram Soc 2007, 27: 1571-1577.
Google Scholar
[48]
Fernandes HR, Tulyaganov DU, Goel IK, et al. Crystallization process and some properties of Li2O-SiO2 glass-ceramics doped with Al2O3 and K2O. J Am Ceram Soc 2008, 91: 3698-3703.
Google Scholar
[49]
Fernandes HR, Tulyaganov DU, Goel A, et al. Effect of Al2O3 and K2O content on structure, properties and devitrification of glasses in the Li2O-SiO2 system. J Eur Ceram Soc 2010, 30: 2017-2030.
Google Scholar
[50]
Lutterotti L, Matthies S, Wenk HR. MAUD: A friendly Java program for Material Analysis Using Diffraction. International Union of Crystallography Newsletter 1999, 21: 14-15.
Google Scholar
[51]
Apel E, Höland W, Schweiger M, et al. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic. US Patent 7871948. 2011.
[52]
Burgner LL, Weinberg MC, Lucas P, et al. XRD investigation of metastable phase formation in Li2O-2SiO2 glass. J Non-Cryst Solids 1999, 255: 264-268.
Google Scholar
[53]
Burgner LL, Lucas P, Weinberg MC, et al. On the persistence of metastable crystal phases in lithium disilicate glass. J Non-Cryst Solids 2000, 274: 188-194.
Google Scholar
[54]
Höland W, Rheinberger V, Schweiger M. Control of nucleation in glass ceramics. Phil Trans R Soc A 2003, 361: 575-589.
Google Scholar
[55]
Iqbal Y, Lee WE, Holland D, et al. Metastable phase formation in the early stage crystallisation of lithium disilicate glass. J Non-Cryst Solids 1998, 224: 1-16.
Google Scholar
[56]
Huang SF, Cao P, Li Y, et al. Nucleation and crystallization kinetics of a multicomponent lithium disilicate glass by in situ and real-time synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Cryst Growth Des 2013, 13: 4031-4038.
Google Scholar
[57]
Höland W, Beall GH. Glass-ceramic Technology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
[58]
Huang SF, Zhang B, Huang ZH, et al. Crystalline phase formation, microstructure and mechanical properties of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J Mater Sci 2013, 48: 251-257.
Google Scholar
[59]
Huang S, Huang Z, Gao W, et al. Trace phase formation, crystallization kinetics and crystallographic evolution of a lithium disilicate glass probed by synchrotron XRD technique. Sci Rep 2015, 5: 9159.
Google Scholar
[60]
Goharian P, Nemati A, Shabanian M, et al. Properties, crystallization mechanism and microstructure of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J Non-Cryst Solids 2010, 356: 208-214.
Google Scholar
[61]
Fernandes HR, Tulyaganov DU, Goel A, et al. Structural characterisation and thermo-physical properties of glasses in the Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-K2O system. J Therm Anal Calorim 2011, 103: 827-834.
Google Scholar
[62]
Tulyaganov DU, Agathopoulos S, Kansal I, et al. Synthesis and properties of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics in the system SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-Li2O. Ceram Int 2009, 35: 3013-3019.
Google Scholar
[63]
Zhang JY, Zhan H, Fu ZY, et al. In-situ synthesis and sintering of mullite glass composites by SPS. J Adv Ceram 2014, 3: 165-170.
Google Scholar
[64]
Höland W, Schweiger M, Frank M, et al. A comparison of the microstructure and properties of the IPS Empress®2 and the IPS Empress® glass-ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res 2000, 53: 297-303.
Google Scholar
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Volume 10 Issue 3,
June 2021
Pages 614-626
DOI: 10.1007/s40145-021-0463-4
Cite this article:
ZHAO T, LIAN M-M, QIN Y, et al. Improved performances of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics by seed induced crystallization. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2021, 10(3): 614-626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0463-4

1463

Views

101

Downloads

22

Crossref

23

Web of Science

24

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 25 July 2020
Revised: 22 January 2021
Accepted: 22 January 2021
Published: 03 March 2021
© The Author(s) 2021

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return