AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Journal of Advanced Ceramics Article
PDF (12.6 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Compositional modulation in ZnGa2O4 via Zn2+/Ge4+ co-doping to simultaneously lower sintering temperature and improve microwave dielectric properties

Ying XIONGa,b,†, Hongyuan XIEc,†, Zhenggang RAOc, Laijun LIUb, Zhengfeng WANGa, Chunchun LIa,b,c( )
College of Information Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China

† Ying Xiong and Hongyuan Xie contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Abstract

AB2O4-type spinels with low relative permittivity (εr) and high quality factor (Q × f) are crucial to high-speed signal propagation systems. In this work, Zn2+/Ge4+ co-doping to substitute Ga3+ in ZnGa2O4 was designed to lower the sintering temperature and adjust the thermal stability of resonance frequency simultaneously. Zn1+xGa2-2xGexO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ceramics were synthesised by the conventional solid-state method. Zn2+/Ge4+ co-substitution induced minimal variation in the macroscopical spinel structure, which effectively lowered the sintering temperature from 1385 to 1250 ℃. All compositions crystallized in a normal spinel structure and exhibited dense microstructures and excellent microwave dielectric properties. The compositional dependent quality factor was related to the microstructural variation, being confirmed by Raman features. A composition with x = 0.3 shows the best dielectric properties with εr ≈ 10.09, Q × f ≈ 112,700 THz, and τf ≈ -75.6 ppm/℃. The negative τf value was further adjusted to be near-zero through the formation of composite ceramics with TiO2.

Keywords

ceramicsspinelcomposition modulationdielectric properties

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
40145_2021_511_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (233.8 KB)

References

[1]
Lin QB, Song KX, Liu B, et al. Vibrational spectroscopy and microwave dielectric properties of AY2Si3O10 (A=Sr, Ba) ceramics for 5G applications. Ceram Int 2020, 46: 1171-1177.
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Zhou D, Pang LX, Wang DW, et al. High permittivity and low loss microwave dielectrics suitable for 5G resonators and low temperature co-fired ceramic architecture. J Mater Chem C 2017, 5: 10094-10098.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Du K, Song XQ, Li J, et al. Optimised phase compositions and improved microwave dielectric properties based on calcium tin silicates. J Eur Ceram Soc 2019, 39: 340-345.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Huang FY, Su H, Li YX, et al. Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg1-xLi2xSi2O6 (x = 0-0.3) ceramics. J Adv Ceram 2020, 9: 471-480.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Li CC, Xiang HC, Xu MY, et al. Li2AGeO4 (A = Zn, Mg): Two novel low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics with olivine structure. J Eur Ceram Soc 2018, 38: 1524-1528.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Zhang L, Zhang J, Yue ZX, et al. Thermally stable polymer-ceramic composites for microwave antenna applications. J Adv Ceram 2016, 5: 269-276.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Wang D, Xiang HC, Tang Y, et al. A low-firing Ca5Ni4(VO4)6 ceramic with tunable microwave dielectric properties and chemical compatibility with Ag. Ceram Int 2016, 42: 15094-15098.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Takahashi S, Kan A, Ogawa H. Microwave dielectric properties and crystal structures of spinel-structured MgAl2O4 ceramics synthesized by a molten-salt method. J Eur Ceram Soc 2017, 37: 1001-1006.
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Surendran KP, Santha N, Mohanan P, et al. Temperature stable low loss ceramic dielectrics in (1-x)ZnAl2O4-xTiO2 system for microwave substrate applications. Eur Phys J B 2004, 41: 301-306.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Belous A, Ovchar O, Durilin D, et al. High-Q microwave dielectric materials based on the spinel Mg2TiO4. J Am Ceram Soc 2006, 89: 3441-3445.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Lyu XS, Li LX, Sun H, et al. A novel low-loss spinel microwave dielectric ceramic CoZnTiO4. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 2015, 26: 8663-8666.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Xue JJ, Wu SP, Li JH. Synthesis, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of spinel ZnGa2O4 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2013, 96: 2481-2485.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Lu XC, Bian WJ, Quan B, et al. Compositional tailoring effect on ZnGa2O4-TiO2 ceramics for tunable microwave dielectric properties. J Alloys Compd 2019, 792: 742-749.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Lu XC, Bian WJ, Min CF, et al. Cation distribution of high-performance Mn-substituted ZnGa2O4 microwave dielectric ceramics. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 10028-10034.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Lu XC, Bian WJ, Li YY, et al. Cation distributions and microwave dielectric properties of Cu-substituted ZnGa2O4 spinel ceramics. Ceram Int 2017, 43: 13839-13844.
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Shannon RD. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Cryst Sect A 1976, 32: 751-767.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Allix M, Chenu S, Véron E, et al. Considerable improvement of long-persistent luminescence in germanium and tin substituted ZnGa2O4. Chem Mater 2013, 25: 1600-1606.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Bae SY, Lee J, Jung H, et al. Helical structure of single- crystalline ZnGa2O4 nanowires. J Am Chem Soc 2005, 127: 10802-10803.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Magomedov MN. On the deviation from the Vegard's law for the solid solutions. Solid State Commun 2020, 322: 114060.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Yin CZ, Tang Y, Chen JQ, et al. Phase evolution, far-infrared spectra, and ultralow loss microwave dielectric ceramic of Zn2Ge1+xO4+2x (-0.1 ≤ x≤ 0.2). J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 2019, 30: 16651-16658.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Shannon RD. Dielectric polarizabilities of ions in oxides and fluorides. J Appl Phys 1993, 73: 348-366.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Pei CJ, Tan JJ, Li Y, et al. Effect of Sb-site nonstoichiometry on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Li3Mg2Sb1-xO6 ceramics. J Adv Ceram 2020, 9: 588-594.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Yoon SH, Kim DW, Cho SY, et al. Investigation of the relations between structure and microwave dielectric properties of divalent metal tungstate compounds. J Eur Ceram Soc 2006, 26: 2051-2054.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Du K, Fan J, Zou ZY, et al. Crystal structure, phase compositions, and microwave dielectric properties of malayaite-type Ca1-xSrxSnSiO5 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 2020, 103: 6369-6377.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Yin CZ, Xiang HC, Li CC, et al. Low-temperature sintering and thermal stability of Li2GeO3-based microwave dielectric ceramics with low permittivity. J Am Ceram Soc 2018, 101: 4608-4614.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Yin CZ, Li CC, Yang GJ, et al. NaCa4V5O17: A low-firing microwave dielectric ceramic with low permittivity and chemical compatibility with silver for LTCC applications. J Eur Ceram Soc 2020, 40: 386-390.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Brese NE, O'Keeffe M. Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 1991, 47: 192-197.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Brown ID, Altermatt D, Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the inorganic crystal structure database. Acta Crystallogr Sect B 1985, 41: 244-247.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Park HS, Yoon KH, Kim ES. Relationship between the bond valence and the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency in the complex perovskite (Pb1-xCax)[Fe0.5(Nb1-yTay)0.5]O3. J Am Ceram Soc 2001, 84: 99-103.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Kim ES, Chun BS, Freer R, et al. Effects of packing fraction and bond valence on microwave dielectric properties of A2+B6+O4 (A2+: Ca, Pb, Ba; B6+: Mo, W) ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2010, 30: 1731-1736.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Yin CZ, Yu ZZ, Shu LL, et al. A low-firing melilite ceramic Ba2CuGe2O7 and compositional modulation on microwave dielectric properties through Mg substitution. J Adv Ceram 2021, 10: 108-119.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Li CC, Yin CZ, Deng M, et al. Tunable microwave dielectric properties in SrO-V2O5 system through compositional modulation. J Am Ceram Soc 2020, 103: 2315-2321.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Kim ES, Chun BS, Yoon KH. Dielectric properties of [Ca1-x(Li1/2Nd1/2)x]1-yZnyTiO3 ceramics at microwave frequencies. Mater Sci Eng: B 2003, 99: 93-97.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Song XQ, Lu WZ, Wang XC, et al. Sintering behaviour and microwave dielectric properties of BaAl2-2x(ZnSi)xSi2O8 ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2018, 38: 1529-1534.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Zhou D, Pang LX, Wang DW, et al. High quality factor, ultralow sintering temperature Li6B4O9 microwave dielectric ceramics with ultralow density for antenna substrates. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2018, 6: 11138-11143.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Barber DJ, Moulding KM, Zhou J, et al. Structural order in Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3, Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 microwave dielectric ceramics. J Mater Sci 1997, 32: 1531-1544.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Bayer G. New perovskite-type compounds A2BTeO6. J Am Ceram Soc 1963, 46: 604-605.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Mohaček-Grošev V, Vrankić M, Maksimović A, et al. Influence of titanium doping on the Raman spectra of nanocrystalline ZnAl2O4. J Alloys Compd 2017, 697: 90-95.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Fraas LM, Moore JE, Salzberg JB. Raman characterization studies of synthetic and natural MgAl2O4 crystals. J Chem Phys 1973, 58: 3585-3592.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Laguna-Bercero MA, Sanjuán ML, Merino RI. Raman spectroscopic study of cation disorder in poly- and single crystals of the nickel aluminate spinel. J Phys Condens Matter 2007, 19: 186217.
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Malavasi L, Galinetto P, Mozzati MC, et al. Raman spectroscopy of AMn2O4 (A = Mn, Mg and Zn) spinels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002, 4: 3876-3880.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Krüger H, Többens DM, Tropper P, et al. Single-crystal structure and Raman spectroscopy of synthetic titanite analog CaAlSiO4F. Miner Petrol 2015, 109: 631-641.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Li H, Zhang PC, Yu SQ, et al. Structural dependence of microwave dielectric properties of spinel structured Mg2(Ti1-xSnx)O4 solid solutions: Crystal structure refinement, Raman spectra study and complex chemical bond theory. Ceram Int 2019, 45: 11639-11647.
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]
Liu B, Li L, Liu XQ, et al. Structural evolution of SrLaAl1-x(Zn0.5Ti0.5)xO4 ceramics and effects on their microwave dielectric properties. J Mater Chem C 2016, 4: 4684-4691.
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]
Yang HC, Zhang SR, Yang HY, et al. Influence of (Al1/3W2/3)5+ co-substitution for Nb5+ in NdNbO4 and the impact on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties. Dalton Trans 2018, 47: 15808-15815.
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]
Zhang J, Zuo RZ. Raman scattering and infrared reflectivity study of orthorhombic/monoclinic LaTiNbO6 microwave dielectric ceramics by A/B-site substitution. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 16191-16198.
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]
Guo J, Zhou D, Wang L, et al. Infrared spectra, Raman spectra, microwave dielectric properties and simulation for effective permittivity of temperature stable ceramics AMoO4- TiO2 (A = Ca, Sr). Dalton Trans 2013, 42: 1483-1491.
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]
Wu SP, Xue JJ, Wang R, et al. Synthesis, characterization and microwave dielectric properties of spinel MgGa2O4 ceramic materials. J Alloys Compd 2014, 585: 542-548.
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]
Lu XP, Zheng Y, Huang Q, et al. Structural dependence of microwave dielectric properties of spinel-structured Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic: Crystal structure refinement and Raman spectroscopy study. J Electron Mater 2016, 45: 940-946.
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]
Fukuda K, Kitoh R, Awai I. Microwave characteristics of TiO2Bi2O3 dielectric resonator. Jpn J Appl Phys 1993, 32: 4584-4588.
Crossref Google Scholar
Journal of Advanced Ceramics
Volume 10 Issue 6,
December 2021
Pages 1360-1370
DOI: 10.1007/s40145-021-0511-0
Cite this article:
XIONG Y, XIE H, RAO Z, et al. Compositional modulation in ZnGa2O4 via Zn2+/Ge4+ co-doping to simultaneously lower sintering temperature and improve microwave dielectric properties. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2021, 10(6): 1360-1370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0511-0

1322

Views

162

Downloads

51

Crossref

42

Web of Science

48

Scopus

6

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 01 March 2021
Revised: 27 May 2021
Accepted: 26 June 2021
Published: 30 September 2021
© The Author(s) 2021

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return