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Review Article | Open Access

Nanotribological studies using nanoparticle manipulation: Principles and application to structural lubricity

Dirk DIETZEL1( ), Udo D. SCHWARZ2, André SCHIRMEISEN1
Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
Departments of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Center for Research on Structures and Phenomena (CRISP), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract

The term "structural lubricity" denotes a fundamental concept where the friction between two atomically flat surfaces is reduced due to lattice mismatch at the interface. Under favorable circumstances, its effect may cause a contact to experience ultra-low friction, which is why it is also referred to as "superlubricity". While the basic principle is intriguingly simple, the experimental analysis of structural lubricity has been challenging. One of the main reasons for this predicament is that the tool most frequently used in nanotribology, the friction force microscope, is not well suited to analyse the friction of extended nanocontacts. To overcome this deficiency, substantial efforts have been directed in recent years towards establishing nanoparticle manipulation techniques, where the friction of nanoparticles sliding on a substrate is measured, as an alternative approach to nanotribological research. By choosing appropriate nanoparticles and substrates, interfaces exhibiting the characteristics needed for the occurrence of structural lubricity can be created. As a consequence, nanoparticle manipulation experiments such as in this review represent a unique opportunity to study the physical conditions and processes necessary to establish structural lubricity, thereby opening a path to exploit this effect in technological applications.

Keywords

Nanotribologynanoparticle manipulationfriction force microscopystructural lubricitysuperlubricityHOPG

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Friction
Volume 2 Issue 2,
June 2014
Pages 114-139
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-014-0054-2
Cite this article:
DIETZEL D, SCHWARZ UD, SCHIRMEISEN A. Nanotribological studies using nanoparticle manipulation: Principles and application to structural lubricity. Friction, 2014, 2(2): 114-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-014-0054-2

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Received: 13 April 2014
Accepted: 02 June 2014
Published: 19 June 2014
© The author(s) 2014

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

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