AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (5.6 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Tribological behavior of nanocarbon materials with different dimensions in aqueous systems

Hongmei YANG, Jiusheng LI( ), Xiangqiong ZENG( )
Laboratory for Advanced Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials (NCMs), more researchers are studying their tribological performances. In this work, the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil-in-water system: spherical fullerenes (C60, 0D), tubular multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT, 1D), sheet graphene oxide (GO, 2D), sheet graphene oxide derivative (Oct-O-GO, 2D), and lamellar graphite (G, 3D). Among these, GO with two types of oxidation degrees, i.e., GO(1), GO(2), and Oct-O-GO(1) were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The load-carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four-ball test machine, and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high-frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads (50 N and 100 N) at 0.5 Hz. The results revealed that the Oct-O-GO(1) emulsion exhibited the best load-carrying capacity, and the best friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to other emulsions. Moreover, the anti-wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions, whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear. The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed that during frictional sliding, the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface-active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion. Moreover, it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O-H/C=O, the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface.

Keywords

nano-carbon materialstribological behaviormodified graphene oxideoil-in-water emulsion

References

[1]
B Gupta, N Kumar, K Panda, A A Melvin, S Joshi, S Dash, A K Tyagi. Effective noncovalent functionalization of Poly(ethylene glycol) to reduced graphene oxide nanosheets through γ-radiolysis for enhanced lubrication. J Phys Chem C 120(4): 2139-2148 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
T Filleter, J L McChesney, A Bostwick, E Rotenberg, K V Emtsev, T Seyller, K Horn, R Bennewitz. Friction and dissipation in epitaxial graphene films. Phys Rev Lett 102(8): 086102 (2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
T Filleter, R Bennewitz. Structural and frictional properties of graphene films on SiC(0001) studied by atomic force microscopy. Phys Rev B 81(15):155412 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
D S Grierson, R W Carpick. Nanotribology of carbon-based materials. Nanotoday 2(5): 12-21 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
M Dienwiebel, G S Verhoeven, N Pradeep, J W M Frenken, J A Heimberg, H W Zandbergen. Superlubricity of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 92(12): 126101 (2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
A R Konicek, D S Grierson, P U P A Gilbert, W G Sawyer, A V Sumant, R W Carpick. Origin of ultralow friction and wear in ultrananocrystalline diamond. Phys Rev Lett 100(23): 235502 (2008)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
B Gupta, K Panda, N Kumar, A A Melvin, S Dash, A K Tyagi. Chemically grafted graphite nanosheets dispersed in poly(ethylene-glycol) by γ-radiolysis for enhanced lubrication. RSC Adv 5(66): 53766-53775 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
B Yu, Z L Liu, C B Ma, J J Sun, W M Liu, F Zhou. Ionic liquid modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as lubricant additive. Tribol Int 81: 38-42 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
V Santhosh, R Voggu, P Chaturbedy, R Ganapathy, C N R Rao. Mechanical properties of C60 thin films at the air-water interface. Carbon 96: 1-5 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
K Y Wu, L Qiang, Z B Gong, G R Zhao, K X Gao, B Zhang, J Y Zhang. The tribological performance of fullerene-like hydrogenated carbon films under ionic liquid lubrication. Surf Interface Anal 47(9): 903-910 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
T Michinobu, T Nakanishi, J P Hill, M Funahashi, K Ariga. Room temperature liquid fullerenes: An uncommon morphology of C60 derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 128(32): 10384-10385 (2006)
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
T Hisakado, A Kanno. Effects of fullerene C60 on the friction and wear characteristics of ceramics in ethanol. Tribol Int 32(7): 413-420 (1999)
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
G C Jiang, Y Y Yang. Preparation and tribology properties of water-soluble fullerene derivative nanoball. Arabian J Chem 10(S1): S870-S876 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
H Lei, W C Guan, J B Luo. Tribological behavior of fullerene-styrene sulfonic acid copolymer as water-based lubricant additive. Wear 252(3–4): 345-350 (2002)
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
B Y Liu, H G Li. Alkylated fullerene as lubricant additive in paraffin oil for steel/steel contacts. Fuller, Nanotub Carbon Nanostr 24(11): 712-719 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
W T Huang, D H Wu, S P Lin, W S Liu. A combined minimum quantity lubrication and MWCNT cutting fluid approach for SKD 11 end milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84(5-8): 1697-1704 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
F D S Marquis, L P F Chibante. Improving the heat transfer of nanofluids and nanolubricants with carbon nanotubes. JOM 57(12): 32-43 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
W Khalil, A Mohamed, M Bayoumi, T A Osman. Tribological properties of dispersed carbon nanotubes in lubricant. Fuller, Nanotub Carbon Nanostr 24(7): 479-485 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
S M Muzakkir, K P Lijesh, H Hirani. Influence of surfactants on tribological behaviors of MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nano-tubes). Tribol - Mater, Surf Interfaces 10(2): 74-81 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
D H Buckley, W A Brainar. Friction and wear of metals in contact with pyrolytic graphite. Carbon 13(6): 501-508 (1975)
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
J A Ruan, B Bhushan. Frictional behavior of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. J Appl Phys 76(12): 8117 (1994)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Y Liao, R Pourzal, M A Wimmer, J J Jacobs, A Fischer, L D Marks. Graphitic tribological layers in metal-on-metal hip replacements. Science 334(6063): 1687-1690 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
A Erdemir, G Ramirez, O L Eryilmaz, B Narayanan, Y F Liao, G Kamath, S K R S Sankaranarayanan. Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils. Nature 536(7614): 67-71 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
D R Dreyer, S Park, C W Bielawski, R S Ruof. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem Soc Rev 39(1): 228-240 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
T D Chen, Y Q Xia, Z F Jia, Z L Liu, H B Zhang. Synthesis, characterization, and tribological behavior of oleic acid capped graphene oxide. J Nanomater 2014: 654145 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
S Suñer, R Joffe, J L Tipper, N Emami. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical and wettability characterisation. Compos Part B: Eng 78: 185-191 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
B L Pan, S P Zhang, W Z Li, J Zhao, J L Liu, Y Q Zhang, Y Z Zhang. Tribological and mechanical investigation of MC nylon reinforced by modified graphene oxide. Wear 294–295: 395-401 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
H J Kim, D G Shin, D E Kim. Frictional behavior between silicon and steel coated with graphene oxide in dry sliding and water lubrication conditions. Int J Precis Eng Manuf-Green Technol 3(1): 91-97 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Y S Hu, H B Ma, W Liu, Q Q Lin, B Liu. Preparation and investigation of the microtribological properties of graphene oxide and graphene films via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly. J Nanomater 2015: 282369 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
O Elomaa, V K Singh, A Iyer, T J Hakala, J Koskinen. Graphene oxide in water lubrication on diamond-like carbon vs. stainless steel high-load contacts. Diamond Relat Mater 52: 43-48 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
J C Li, X Q Zeng, T H Ren, E van der Heide. The preparation of graphene oxide and its derivatives and their application in bio-tribological systems. Lubricants 2(3): 137-161 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Y H Liu, X K Wang, G S Pan, J B Luo. A comparative study between graphene oxide and diamond nanoparticles as water-based lubricating additives. Sci China Technol Sci 56(1): 152-157 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Z Chen, Y H Liu, J B Luo. Tribological properties of few-layer graphene oxide sheets as oil-based lubricant additives. Chin J Mechan Eng 29(2): 439-444 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Z L Cheng, W Li, P R Wu, Z Liu. A strategy for preparing modified graphene oxide with good dispersibility and transparency in oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 56(19): 5527-5534 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
A S He, S Q Huang, J H Yun, Z Y Jiang, J R Stokes, S H Jiao, L Z Wang, H Huang. Tribological characteristics of aqueous graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, and their mixed suspensions. Tribol Lett 66(1): 42 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
H P Mungse, N Kumar, O P Khatri. Synthesis, dispersion and lubrication potential of basal plane functionalized alkylated graphene nanosheets. RSC Adv 5(32): 25565-25571 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
H Kinoshita, Y Nishina, A A Alias, M Fujii. Tribological properties of monolayer graphene oxide sheets as water- based lubricant additives. Carbon 66:720-723 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
V Khare, M Q Pham, N Kumari, H S Yoon, C S Kim, J I L Park, S H Ahn. Graphene−ionic liquid based hybrid nanomaterials as novel lubricant for low friction and wear. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(10): 4063-4075 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
J Chen, Y R Li, L Huang, C Li, G Q Shi. High-yield preparation of graphene oxide from small graphite flakes via an improved Hummers method with a simple purification process. Carbon 81: 826-834 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
D C Marcano, D V Kosynkin, J M Berlin, A Sinitskii, Z Z Sun, A Slesarev, L B Alemany, W Lu, J M Tour. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4(8): 4806-4814 (2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
S S Wang, J Wang, W F Zhang, J Y Ji, Y Li, G L Zhang, F B Zhang, X B Fan. Ethylenediamine modified graphene and its chemically responsive supramolecular hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 53(33): 13205-13209 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Y Lin, Y Z Chen, Z K Zeng, J R Zhu, Y Wei, F C Li, L Liu. Effect of ZnO nanoparticles doped graphene on static and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber composites. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf 70: 35-44 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
S Samanta, S Singh, R R Sahoo. Simultaneous chemical reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for efficient lubrication of steel–steel contact. RSC Adv 5(76): 61888-61899 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]
Z Abbasi, M Haghighi, E Fatehifar, S Saedy. Synthesis and physicochemical characterizations of nanostructured Pt/Al2O3- CeO2 catalysts for total oxidation of VOCs. J Hazard Mater 186(2–3): 1445-1454 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]
K Garg, R Shanmugam, P C Ramamurthy. New covalent hybrids of graphene oxide with core modified and -expanded porphyrins: Synthesis, characterisation and their non linear optical properties. Carbon 122: 307-318 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]
M J McAllister, J L Li, D H Adamson, H C Schniepp, A A Abdala, J Liu, M Herrera-Alonso, D L Milius, R Car, R K Prud’homme, et al. Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19(18): 4396-4404(2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]
A Lerf, H Y He, M Forster, J Klinowski. Structure of graphite oxide revisited. J Phys Chem B 102(23): 4477-4482 (1998)
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]
G C Wang, Z Y Yang, X W Li, C Z Li. Synthesis of poly(aniline-co-o-anisidine)-intercalated graphite oxide composite by delamination/reassembling method. Carbon 43(12): 2564-2570 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]
T Mondal, S Basak, A K Bhowmick. Ionic liquid modification of graphene oxide and its role towards controlling the porosity, and mechanical robustness of polyurethane foam. Polymer 127: 106-118 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]
S Stankovich, D A Dikin, R D Piner, K A Kohlhaas, A Kleinhammes, Y Y Jia, Y Wu, S T Nguyen, R S Ruoff. Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. Carbon 45(7): 1558-1565 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]
L Bokobza, J L Bruneel, M Couzi. Raman spectra of carbon-based materials (from graphite to carbon black) and of some silicone composites. C 1(1): 77-94 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[52]
P Zhou, A M Rao, K A Wang, J D Robertson, C Eloi, M S Meier, S L Ren, X X Bi, P C Eklund, M S Dresselhaus. Photo-assisted structural transition and oxygen diffusion in solid C60 films. Appl Phys Lett 60(23): 2871-2873 (1992)
Crossref Google Scholar
[53]
R Nizam, M M Sehban, S Parveen. Raman spectroscopy of fullerene-60. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 5(2): 319-323 (2015)
Google Scholar
[54]
S Santangelo, G Messina, G Faggio, M Lanza, C Milone. Evaluation of crystalline perfection degree of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Correlations between thermal kinetic analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy. J Raman Spectrosc 42(4): 593-602 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[55]
L Nikiel, P W Jagodzinski. Raman spectroscopic characterization of graphites: A re-evaluation of spectra/ structure correlation. Carbon 31(8): 1313-1317 (1993)
Crossref Google Scholar
[56]
F Tuinstra, J L Koenig. Raman spectrum of graphite. J Chem Phy 53(3): 1126-1130 (1970)
Crossref Google Scholar
[57]
L V Frolova, I V Magedov, A Harper, S K Jha, M Ovezmyradov, G Chandler, J Garcia, D Bethke, E A Shaner, I Vasiliev, et al. Tetracyanoethylene oxide-functionalized graphene and graphite characterized by Raman and Auger spectroscopy. Carbon 81: 216-222 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[58]
A Ganguly, S Sharma, P Papakonstantinou, J Hamilton. Probing the thermal deoxygenation of graphene oxide using high-resolution in situ X-ray-based spectroscopies. J Phys Chem C 115(34): 17009-17019 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[59]
C Botas, P Álvarez, P Blanco, M Granda, C Blanco, R Santamaría, L J Romasanta, R Verdejo, M A López-Manchado, R Menéndez. Graphene materials with different structures prepared from the same graphite by the Hummers and Brodie methods. Carbon 65: 156-164 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[60]
C Mattevi, G Eda, S Agnoli, S Miller, K A Mkhoyan, O Celik, D Mastrogiovanni, G Granozzi, E Garfunkel, M Chhowalla. Evolution of electrical, chemical, and structural properties of transparent and conducting chemically derived graphene thin films. Adv Funct Mater 19(16): 2577-2583 (2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[61]
H A Barnes. A Handbook of Elementary Rheology. Wales (UK): University of Wales, 2000.
[62]
Y Chen, W Y Liu, X T Wang. Statistical characteristics of raman shift of petroleum components I: Alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Spectrosc Spect Anal 36(8): 2510-2517 (2016).
Google Scholar
[63]
E A Zakhidov, M A Zakhidova, A M Kokhkharov, S K Nematov, R A Nusretov, V O Kuvondikov, A A Saparbaev. Raman spectroscopy of the interface between a thin nanostructured ZnO film and fullerene C60. Opt Spectrosc 122(4): 607-614 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[64]
M Ho, J E Pemberton. Alkyl chain conformation of octadecylsilane stationary phases by Raman spectroscopy. 1. Temperature dependence. Anal Chem 70(23): 4915-4920 (1998)
Crossref Google Scholar
[65]
M R Cai, Y M Liang, F Zhou, W M Liu. A novel imidazolium salt with antioxidation and anticorrosion dual functionalities as the additive in poly (ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts. Wear 306(1–2): 197-208 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[66]
Q L Yu, M J Fan, D M Li, Z H Song, M R Cai, F Zhou, W M Liu. Thermoreversible gel lubricants through universal supramolecular assembly of a nonionic surfactant in a variety of base lubricating liquids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(18): 15783-15794 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
Friction
Volume 8 Issue 1,
February 2020
Pages 29-46
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-018-0235-5
Cite this article:
YANG H, LI J, ZENG X. Tribological behavior of nanocarbon materials with different dimensions in aqueous systems. Friction, 2020, 8(1): 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-018-0235-5

919

Views

21

Downloads

28

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

28

Scopus

5

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 02 November 2017
Revised: 08 April 2018
Accepted: 24 July 2018
Published: 14 December 2018
© The author(s) 2018

This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

Open Access: The articles published in this journal are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Return