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Research Article | Open Access

Measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling

Vijay Kumar SHANKAR1(), Bijay Mihir KUNAR1, Chivukula Suryanarayana MURTHY1, M R RAMESH2
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
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Abstract

Rock drilling is an essential operation in mining industries. Temperature at the bit-rock interface plays a major role in the wear rate of the drill bit. This paper primarily focuses on the wear rate of tungsten carbide (WC) drill bit and the interrelationship between temperature and wear rate during rotary drilling operations conducted using a computer numerical control (CNC) machine. The interrelationship between the temperature and wear rate was studied with regard to three types of rock samples, i.e., fine-grained sandstone (FG) of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) that is 17.83 MPa, medium-grained sandstone (MG) of UCS that is 13.70 MPa, and fine-grained sandstone pink (FGP) of UCS that is 51.67 MPa. Wear rate of the drill bit has been measured using controlled parameters, i.e., drill bit diameter (6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 mm), spindle speed (250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 rpm), and penetration rate (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm/min), respectively. Further, a fully instrumented laboratory drilling set-up was utilized. The weight of each bit was measured after the bit reached 30 mm depth in each type of the rock sample. Furthermore, effects of the bit-rock interface temperature and operational parameters on wear rate of the drill bits were examined. The results show that the wear rate of drill bits increased with an increase in temperature for all the bit-rock combinations considered. This is due to the silica content of the rock sample, which leads to an increase in the frictional heat between the bit-rock interfaces. However, in case of medium-grained sandstone, the weight percentage (wt%) of SiO2 is around 7.23 wt%, which presents a very low wear rate coefficient of 6.33×10-2 mg/(N·m). Moreover, the temperature rise during drilling is also minimum, i.e., around 74 °C, in comparison to that of fine-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone pink. In addition, this paper develops the relationship between temperature and wear rate characteristics by employing simple linear regression analysis.

Keywords

temperaturewear ratedrillingsimple linear regression

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Friction
Volume 8 Issue 6,
December 2020
Pages 1073-1082
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2
Cite this article:
SHANKAR VK, KUNAR BM, MURTHY CS, et al. Measurement of bit-rock interface temperature and wear rate of the tungsten carbide drill bit during rotary drilling. Friction, 2020, 8(6): 1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2
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10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T001Specification of the drill bit used, along with the process parameter and their range.

Masonry drill bit
Point angle135°
Bit materialTungsten carbide (WC)
Penetration rate2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm/min
Spindle speed250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 rpm
Drill bit diameter6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 mm

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T002Chemical composition (wt%) of medium-grained sandstone (MG), fine-grained sandstone (FG), and fine-grained sandstone pink (FGP).

ElementOMgAlSiKCaTiFeC
MG39.220.244.907.300.280.230.660.7414.74
FG65.960.2710.9116.45——0.635.2424.76
FGP54.34—3.7630.22—0.27——20.40

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T003Factors effecting on bit-rock interface temperature, silica content, and wear rate summary of three types of sandstone.

Test (No.)Rock typeOperational parametersBit-rock interface temperature (°C)Silica (wt%)Weight of bit (gm)Wear rate (mg/s)Uniaxial compressive strength (MPa)
Drill bit diameter (mm)Spindle speed (rpm)Penetration rate (mm/min)Before drillAfter drill
1Medium-grained sandstone62502517.3036351.11113.70
2830046854532.222
31035067486846.666
41240088610910613.333
516450109115615222.222
6Fine-grained sandstone625025816.4535332.22317.83
7830046653506.667
810350683848013.333
912400810610710222.223
10164501012815414833.333
11Fine-grained sandstone pink625029630.2234313.33451.67
1283004116514611.112
13103506148827620.010
141240081661059831.112
15164501023615114344.445

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T004Average wear rate of drill bit corresponding to UCS and SiO2 of the rock samples.

Rock typeUCS (MPa)SiO2 (wt%)Average wear rate (mg/s)
MG13.707.309.11
FG17.8316.4515.55
FGP51.6730.2222.00

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T005ANOVA for the dependent variables of the three types of rock samples.

SourceF-valueP-value
Temperature (TMG)12.9500.037
Temperature (TFG)948.650.000
Temperature (TFGP)86.2800.003

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T006Statistical analysis results of the significant regression models.

ModelVariablesCoefficientStandard errorT- valueP- value
MG
Eq. (3)Constant-27.9010.5-2.660.076
TMG0.5000.1393.600.037
FG
Eq. (4)Constant-22.491.29-17.480.000
TFG0.4310.01430.800.000
FGP
Eq. (5)Constant-23.055.09-4.530.020
TFGP0.2950.0319.290.003

10.1007/s40544-019-0330-2.T007Measured and predicted wear rate of the WC drill bit for different types of rock sample.

Rock typeMeasured wear rate (mg/s)Predicted wear rate (mg/s)Average error (%)
MG1.1111.5787.559
2.2226.111
6.6669.111
13.33315.109
22.22217.609
FG2.2222.5271.194
6.6665.978
13.33413.312
22.22223.234
33.33432.725
FGP3.3334.3244.624
11.11111.240
20.00120.699
31.11126.020
44.44446.711