AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (2.8 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Motor oil degradation during urban cycle road tests

Lei WEI1,2, Haitao DUAN1, Yongliang JIN1, Dan JIA1, Bingxue CHENG1,3, Jianfang LIU1,4, Jian LI1( )
State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan 430030, China
College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Several civilian vehicles in China operate in urban traffic conditions and have their motor oil changed every 5,000 km. This study investigates the variations in oil properties after servicing at 5,000 km, based on systematic road tests (including a repeated test, a parallel test, and a new vehicle test). The physicochemical properties, changes in components, oxidation stability, detergent-dispersant performance, and tribological properties of motor oils were analyzed. The results showed that the total acid number (TAN) of oils increased with the operation mileage, by up to 1.41 mgKOH/g. The total base number (TBN) decreased after the road tests were completed, and the decrease was less than 44.6%. The kinematic viscosity (KV) of most oils decreased initially and then stabilized in the middle stage, before starting to increase later in the experiment. The change in KV at 100 ℃ was less than 15.96%. The oxidation onset temperature (OOT) of the oils diminished gradually with the operation mileage. All OOT values of the used oils were higher than 210 ℃. A spot test indicated that the used oils retained their detergent-dispersant performance to an appropriate extent. The four-ball wear scar diameters and friction coefficient of the used oils did not increase significantly after the road tests were completed. This study can serve as a reference for end-users when changing motor oils.

Keywords

motor oilurban vehiclesoil degradationroad testoil analysis

References

[1]
Puckace J S, Redmon J J, Fitzgerald H, Ismail O K. Method of determining optimal change interval for a functional fluid. U.S. Patent 9 195 964, Nov. 2015.
[2]
Wei L, Duan H T, Chen S, Jia D, Qian X Z, Cheng B X, Liu J F, Li J. A field test method to quantitatively determine oxidation stability of gasoline engine oil. Lubricat Sci 30(2): 57-64 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Holmberg K, Erdemir A. Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction 5(3): 263-284 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Klowak M, Gracyalny G. Engine oil recirculation system for extended maintenance interval. U.S. Patent 0 053 505, Feb. 2015.
[5]
Youngk R D. Automobile engine reliability, maintainability and oil maintenance. In Proceedings of Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. 2000 Proceedings. International Symposium on Product Quality and Integrity, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2000: 94-99.
[6]
Zhu X L, Zhong C, Zhe J. Lubricating oil conditioning sensors for online machine health monitoring-A review. Tribol Int 109: 473-484 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Li J R, Wang R, Wang J Z, Li Y F. Analysis and forecasting of the oil consumption in China based on combination models optimized by artificial intelligence algorithms. Energy 144: 243-264 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Salam L B, Obayori S O, Nwaokorie F O, Suleiman A, Mustapha R. Metagenomic insights into effects of spent engine oil perturbation on the microbial community composition and function in a tropical agricultural soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(8): 7139-7159 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Ramadass K, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health. Soil Biol Biochem 85: 72-81 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Katiyar V, Husain S. Treatment with 1-butanol in reclamation of used oils. Orient J Chem 26(3): 1219-1221 (2010)
Google Scholar
[11]
Thom R, Kollmann K, Warnecke W, Frend M. Extended oil drain intervals: Conservation of resources or reduction of engine life. SAE Trans 104(4): 706-718 (1995)
Google Scholar
[12]
Schwartz E S, Smolenski D J, Wisehart A J, Nguyen T N. Automatic engine oil change indicator system. U.S. Patent 4 742 476, May 1988.
[13]
Wolak A, Zając G. Changes in the operating characteristics of engine oils: A comparison of the results obtained with the use of two automatic devices. Measurement 113: 53-61 (2018)
Google Scholar
[14]
Raposo H, Farinha J T, Fonseca I, Ferreira L A. Condition monitoring with prediction based on diesel engine oil analysis: A case study for urban buses. Actuators 8(1): 14 (2019)
Google Scholar
[15]
Gołębiowski W, Wolak A, Zając G. Definition of oil change intervals based on the analysis of selected physicochemical properties of used engine oils. Combust Eng 172(1): 44-50 (2018)
Google Scholar
[16]
Sejkorová M, Hurtová I, Glos J, Pokorný J. Definition of a motor oil change interval for highvolume diesel engines based on its current characteristics assessment. Acta Univ Agric Silvic Mendel Brun 65(2): 481-490 (2017)
Google Scholar
[17]
Felkel Y, Dörr N, Glatz F, Varmuza K. Determination of the Total Acid Number (TAN) of used gas engine oils by IR and chemometrics applying a combined strategy for variable selection. Chemometr Intell Lab Syst 101(1): 14-22 (2010)
Google Scholar
[18]
Kral J Jr, Konecny B, Kral J, Madac K, Fedorko G, Molnar V. Degradation and chemical change of longlife oils following intensive use in automobile engines. Measurement 50: 34-42 (2014)
Google Scholar
[19]
Timotijevic Z, Bacevac S, Corsi S. Evaluation of oil drain interval for buses in urban traffic with respect to local operating conditions. In Proceedings of World Tribology Congress, Torino, Italy, 2013.
[20]
Booser E R. CRC Handbook of Lubrication and Tribology, Volume III: Monitoring, Materials, Synthetic Lubricants, and Applications. Scotia, NY (USA): CRC Press, 1993: 71.
[21]
China-SAC. GB/T 8028-2010, Criteria for changing of gasoline engine oil. SAC, 2011.
[22]
Rudnick L R. Summary of lubricant standard test methods and some product specifications. In Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications. Rudnick L R, Ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003: 599-616.
[23]
Sharma B K, Stipanovic A J. Development of a new oxidation stability test method for lubricating oils using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Thermochim Acta 402(1-2): 1-18 (2003)
Google Scholar
[24]
Zehler E R. Lubricant compositions with improved oxidation stability and service life. U.S. Patent 8 980 808, Feb. 2015.
[25]
Gaisford S. Evaluation of analytical instrumentation. Part XXV: Differential scanning Calorimetry. Anal Methods 7(4): 1240-1248 (2015)
Google Scholar
[26]
Ahmed N S, Abdel-Hameed H S, El-Kafrawy A F, Nassar A M. Synthesis and evaluation of ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil. Ind Lubricat Tribol 67(6): 622-629 (2015)
Google Scholar
[27]
Ahmed N S, Nassar A M, Abdel-Hameed H S, El-Kafrawy A F. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of some ashless detergent/dispersant additives for lubricating engine oil. Appl Petrochem Res 6(1): 49-58 (2016)
Google Scholar
[28]
Qian X Z, Xiang Y L, Shang H F, Cheng B X, Zhan S P, Li J. Thermal-oxidation mechanism of dioctyl adipate base oil. Friction 4(1): 29-38 (2016)
Google Scholar
[29]
Zulkifli N W M, Kalam M A, Masjuki H H, Shahabuddin M, Yunus R. Wear prevention characteristics of a palm oil-based TMP (trimethylolpropane) ester as an engine lubricant. Energy 54: 167-173 (2013)
Google Scholar
Friction
Volume 9 Issue 5,
October 2021
Pages 1002-1011
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-020-0386-z
Cite this article:
WEI L, DUAN H, JIN Y, et al. Motor oil degradation during urban cycle road tests. Friction, 2021, 9(5): 1002-1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0386-z

711

Views

24

Downloads

18

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

19

Scopus

1

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 26 November 2018
Revised: 24 January 2019
Accepted: 18 March 2020
Published: 26 August 2020
© The author(s) 2020
Return