AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (1.8 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Running-in behavior of a H-DLC/Al2O3 pair at the nanoscale

Pengfei SHI1, Junhui SUN1, Yunhai LIU1, Bin ZHANG2, Junyan ZHANG2, Lei CHEN1( ), Linmao QIAN1( )
Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film has been developed as an extremely effective lubricant to reduce energy dissipation; however, most films should undergo running-in to achieve a super-low friction state. In this study, the running-in behaviors of an H-DLC/Al2O3 pair were investigated through a controllable single-asperity contact study using an atomic force microscope. This study presents direct evidence that illustrates the role of transfer layer formation and oxide layer removal in the friction reduction during running-in. After 200 sliding cycles, a thin transfer layer was formed on the Al2O3 tip. Compared with a clean tip, this modified tip showed a significantly lower adhesion force and friction force on the original H-DLC film, which confirmed the contribution of the transfer layer formation in the friction reduction during running-in. It was also found that the friction coefficient of the H-DLC/Al2O3 pair decreased linearly as the oxygen concentration of the H-DLC substrate surface decreased. This phenomenon can be explained by a change in the contact surface from an oxygen termination with strong hydrogen bond interactions to a hydrogen termination with weak van der Waals interactions. These results provide new insights that quantitatively reveal the running-in mechanism at the nanoscale, which may help with the design optimization of DLC films for different environmental applications.

Keywords

hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) filmrunning-innanoscaleoxide filmtransfer layer

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
40544_2020_429_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (1.1 MB)

References

[1]
Zhang Y Z, Kovalev A, Meng Y G. Combined effect of boundary layer formation and surface smoothing on friction and wear rate of lubricated point contacts during normal running-in processes. Friction 6(3): 274–288(2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Horng J H, Len M L, Lee J S. The contact characteristics of rough surfaces in line contact during running-in process. Wear 253(9–10): 899–913(2002)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Nogueira I, Dias A M, Gras R, Progri R. An experimental model for mixed friction during running-in. Wear 253(5–6): 541–549(2002)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Masouros G, Dimarogonas A, Lefas K. A model for wear and surface roughness transients during the running-in of bearings. Wear 45(3): 375–382(1977)
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Blau P J. On the nature of running-in. Tribol Int 38(11– 12): 1007–1012(2005–2006)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Pawlus P. A study on the functional properties of honed cylinders surface during running-in. Wear 176(2): 247–254(1994)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Chen L, Kim S H, Wang X D, Qian L M. Running-in process of Si‒SiOx/SiO2 pair at nanoscale—Sharp drops in friction and wear rate during initial cycles. Friction 1(1): 81–91(2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Chen C, Xue P D, Fan X, Wang C, Diao D F. Friction-induced rapid restructuring of graphene nanocrystallite cap layer at sliding surfaces: short run-in period. Carbon 130: 215–221(2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Fontaine J, Le Mogne T, Loubet J L, Belin M. Achieving superlow friction with hydrogenated amorphous carbon: some key requirements. Thin Solid Films 482(1–2): 99–108(2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Liu Y H, Chen L, Zhang B, Cao Z Y, Shi P F, Peng Y, Zhou N N, Zhang J Y, Qian L M. Key role of transfer layer in load dependence of friction on hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films in humid air and vacuum. Materials 12(9): 1550 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Chen L, Yang M C, Song C F, Yu B J, Qian L M. Is 2 nm DLC coating enough to resist the nanowear of silicon. Wear 302(1–2): 909–917(2013).
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Liu Y H, Zhang B, Chen L, Cao Z Y, Shi P F, Liu J W, Zhang J Y, Qian L M. Perspectives of the friction mechanism of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon film in air by varying sliding velocity. Coatings 8(10): 331 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Chen X C, Zhang C H, Kato T, Yang X A, Wu S D, Wang R, Nosaka M, Luo J B. Evolution of tribo-induced interfacial nanostructures governing superlubricity in a-C:H and a-C:H:Si films. Nat Commun 8: 1675 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Scharf T W, Singer I L. Role of the transfer film on the friction and wear of metal carbide reinforced amorphous carbon coatings during run-in. Tribol Lett 36(1): 43–53(2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Andersson J, Erck R A, Erdemir A. Frictional behavior of diamondlike carbon films in vacuum and under varying water vapor pressure. Surf Coat Technol 163-164: 535–540(2003)
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O L, Nilufer I B, Fenske G R. Synthesis of superlow-friction carbon films from highly hydrogenated methane plasmas. Surf Coat Technol 133–134: 448–454(2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Merkle A P, Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O L, Johnson J A, Marks L D. In situ TEM studies of tribo-induced bonding modifications in near-frictionless carbon films. Carbon 48(3): 587–591(2010)
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Liu Y, Meletis E I. Evidence of graphitization of diamond-like carbon films during sliding wear. J Mater Sci 32(13): 3491–3495(1997)
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Dienwiebel M, Verhoeven G S, Pradeep N, Frenken J W M, Heimberg J A, Zandbergen H W. Superlubricity of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 92(12): 126101 (2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Cui L C, Lu Z B, Wang L P. Probing the low-friction mechanism of diamond-like carbon by varying of sliding velocity and vacuum pressure. Carbon 66: 259–266(2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Jariwala B N, Ciobanu C V, Agarwal S. Atomic hydrogen interactions with amorphous carbon thin films. J Appl Phys 106(7): 073305 (2009)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Konicek A R, Grierson D S, Sumant A V, Friedmann T A, Sullivan J P, Gilbert P U P A, Sawyer W G, Carpick R W. Influence of surface passivation on the friction and wear behavior of ultrananocrystalline diamond and tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films. Phys Rev B 85(15): 155448 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Manimunda P, Al-Azizi A A, Kim S H, Chromik R R. Shear-induced structural changes and origin of ultralow friction of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) in dry environment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(19): 16704–16714(2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Al-Azizi A A, Eryilmaz O, Erdemir A, Kim S H. Surface structure of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon: Origin of run-in behavior prior to superlubricious interfacial shear. Langmuir 31(5): 1711–1721(2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Marino M J, Hsiao E, Chen Y S, Eryilmaz O L, Erdemir A, Kim S H. Understanding run-in behavior of diamond-like carbon friction and preventing diamond-like carbon wear in humid air. Langmuir 27(20): 12702–12708(2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Erdemir A, Bindal C, Pagan J, Wilbur P. Characterization of transfer layers on steel surfaces sliding against diamond-like hydrocarbon films in dry nitrogen. Surf Coat Technol 76–77: 559–563(1995)
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Choi J, Nakao S, Ikeyama M, Kato T. Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the tribological properties of Si-DLC coatings. Phys Status Solidi (c) 5(4): 956–959(2008)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Yang M, Marino M J, Bojan V J, Eryilmaz O L, Erdemir A, Kim S H. Quantification of oxygenated species on a diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface. Appl Surf Sci 257(17): 7633–7638(2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Ramesh M, Kailas S V, Simha K R Y. Micro and macro contact mechanics for interacting asperities. Sadhana 33(3): 329–338(2008)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Scharf T W, Singer I L. Role of third bodies in friction behavior of diamond-like nanocomposite coatings studied by in situ tribometry. Tribol Trans 45(3): 363–371(2002)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Xiao C, Chen C, Guo J, Zhang P, Chen L, Qian L M. Threshold contact pressure for the material removal on monocrystalline silicon by SiO2 microsphere. Wear 376–377: 188–193(2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Li Q, Kim K S, Rydberg A. Lateral force calibration of an atomic force microscope with a diamagnetic levitation spring system. Rev Sci Instrum 77(6): 065105 (2006)
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Sader J E, Chon J W M, Mulvaney P. Calibration of rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers. Rev Sci Instrum 70(10): 3967–3969(1999)
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Tambe N S, Bhushan B. Friction model for the velocity dependence of nanoscale friction. Nanotechnology 16(10): 2309–2324(2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Liu Y, Erdemir A, Meletis E I. An investigation of the relationship between graphitization and frictional behavior of DLC coatings. Surf Coat Technol 86–87: 564–568(1996)
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O. Achieving superlubricity in DLC films by controlling bulk, surface, and tribochemistry. Friction 2(2): 140–155(2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O L, Fenske G. Synthesis of diamondlike carbon films with superlow friction and wear properties. J Vac Sci Technol A 18(4): 1987–1992(2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Eryilmaz O L, Erdemir A. Investigation of initial and steady-state sliding behavior of a nearly frictionless carbon film by imaging 2-and 3-D TOF-SIMS. Tribol Lett 28(3): 241–249(2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Eryilmaz O L, Erdemir A. TOF-SIMS and XPS characterization of diamond-like carbon films after tests in inert and oxidizing environments. Wear 265(1–2): 244–254(2008)
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Donnet C, Fontaine J, Grill A, Le Mogne T. The role of hydrogen on the friction mechanism of diamond-like carbon films. Tribol Lett 9(3–4): 137–142(2001)
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Donnet C. Recent progress on the tribology of doped diamond-like and carbon alloy coatings: a review. Surf Coat Technol 100–101: 180–186(1998)
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O L, Kim S H. Effect of tribochemistry on lubricity of DLC films in hydrogen. Surf Coat Technol 257: 241–246(2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Fontaine J, Belin M, Le Mogne T, Grill A. How to restore superlow friction of DLC: the healing effect of hydrogen gas. Tribol Int 37(11–12): 869–877(2004)
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]
Chen L, Yang M C, Yu J X, Qian L M, Zhou Z R. Nanofretting behaviours of ultrathin DLC coating on Si (1 0 0) substrate. Wear 271(9–10): 1980–1986(2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]
Sugimoto I, Miyake S. Oriented hydrocarbons transferred from a high performance lubricative amorphous C:H:Si film during sliding in a vacuum. Appl Phys Lett 56(19): 1868–1870(1990)
Crossref Google Scholar
Friction
Volume 9 Issue 6,
December 2021
Pages 1464-1473
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-020-0429-5
Cite this article:
SHI P, SUN J, LIU Y, et al. Running-in behavior of a H-DLC/Al2O3 pair at the nanoscale. Friction, 2021, 9(6): 1464-1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0429-5

732

Views

20

Downloads

23

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

23

Scopus

2

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 28 December 2019
Revised: 29 May 2020
Accepted: 07 July 2020
Published: 23 November 2020
© The author(s) 2020

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return