AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (3.4 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Contact stiffness and damping of spiral bevel gears under transient mixed lubrication conditions

Zongzheng WANG1, Wei PU1( ), Xin PEI1, Wei CAO2
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
School of Construction Machinery, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Existing studies primarily focus on stiffness and damping under full-film lubrication or dry contact conditions. However, most lubricated transmission components operate in the mixed lubrication region, indicating that both the asperity contact and film lubrication exist on the rubbing surfaces. Herein, a novel method is proposed to evaluate the time-varying contact stiffness and damping of spiral bevel gears under transient mixed lubrication conditions. This method is sufficiently robust for addressing any mixed lubrication state regardless of the severity of the asperity contact. Based on this method, the transient mixed contact stiffness and damping of spiral bevel gears are investigated systematically. The results show a significant difference between the transient mixed contact stiffness and damping and the results from Hertz (dry) contact. In addition, the roughness significantly changes the contact stiffness and damping, indicating the importance of film lubrication and asperity contact. The transient mixed contact stiffness and damping change significantly along the meshing path from an engaging-in to an engaging-out point, and both of them are affected by the applied torque and rotational speed. In addition, the middle contact path is recommended because of its comprehensive high stiffness and damping, which maintained the stability of spiral bevel gear transmission.

Keywords

spiral bevel gearsmixed contact stiffness and dampingtransient mixed lubricationreal machined roughnessdifferent contact trajectories

References

[1]
Zhu D, Wang Q J. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication: A gateway to interfacial mechanics—Review and prospect. J Tribol 133(4):041001 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Liu F H, Theodossiades S, Bergman L A, Vakakis A F, McFarland D M. Analytical characterization of damping in gear teeth dynamics under hydrodynamic conditions. Mech Mach Theory 94:141-147 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Liu F H, Jiang H J, Liu S N, Yu X H. Dynamic behavior analysis of spur gears with constant & variable excitations considering sliding friction influence. J Mech Sci Technol 30(12):5363-5370 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Venner C H. Multilevel solution of the EHL line and point contact problems. Ph.D Thesis. Enschede (Netherlands): University of Twente, 1991.
[5]
Kweh C C, Patching M J, Evans H P, Snidle R W. Simulation of elastohydrodynamic contacts between rough surfaces. J Tribol 114(3):412-419 (1992)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Xu G, Sadeghi F. Thermal EHL analysis of circular contacts with measured surface roughness. J Tribol 118(3):473-482 (1996)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Zhu D, Ai X L. Point contact EHL based on optically measured three-dimensional rough surfaces. J Tribol 119(3):375-384 (1997)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Zhu D, Hu Y Z. The study of transition from elastohydrodynamic to mixed and boundary lubrication. In Proceedings of Advancing Frontier of Engineering Tribology, Proceedings of the 1999 STLE/ASME H.S. Cheng Tribology Surveillance, Park Ridge, 1999: 150-156.
Google Scholar
[9]
Hu Y Z, Zhu D. A full numerical solution to the mixed lubrication in point contacts. J Tribol 122(1):1-9 (2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Hu Y Z, Wang H, Wang W Z, Zhu D. A computer model of mixed lubrication in point contacts. Tribol Int 34(1):65-73 (2001)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Liu Y C, Wang Q J, Wang W Z, Hu Y Z, Zhu D. Effects of differential scheme and mesh density on EHL film thickness in point contacts. J Tribol 128(3):641-653 (2006)
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Liu S B, Wang Q, Liu G. A versatile method of discrete convolution and FFT (DC-FFT) for contact analyses. Wear 243(1-2):101-111 (2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Wang W Z, Wang H, Liu Y C, Hu Y Z, Zhu D. A comparative study of the methods for calculation of surface elastic deformation. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J J Eng Tribol 217(2):145-152 (2003)
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
He T, Ren N, Zhu D, Wang J X. Plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication in point contacts for surfaces with three-dimensional sinusoidal waviness and real machined roughness. J Tribol 136(3):031504 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
He T, Wang J X, Wang Z J, Zhu D. Simulation of plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication in line contacts of infinite and finite length. J Tribol 137(4):041505 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Zhu D. On some aspects of numerical solutions of thin-film and mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J J Eng Tribol 221(5):561-579 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Pu W, Wang J X, Zhang Y, Zhu D. A theoretical analysis of the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication in elliptical contacts with an arbitrary entrainment angle. J Tribol 136(4):041505 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Pu W, Wang J X, Zhu D. Progressive mesh densification method for numerical solution of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication. J Tribol 138(2):021502 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Sander D E, Allmaier H. Starting and stopping behavior of worn journal bearings. Tribol Int 127:478-488 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Liu H C, Guo F, Zhang B B, Wong P L. Behavior of hydrodynamic lubrication films under non-steady state speeds. Tribol Int 93:347-354 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Venner C H, Wang J, Lubrecht A A. Central film thickness in EHL point contacts under pure impact revisited. Tribol Int 100:1-6 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Lubrecht A A, Biboulet N, Venner C H. Boundary layers: Unifying the impact and rolling EHL point contacts. Tribol Int 126:186-191 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Beilicke R, Bobach L, Bartel D. Transient thermal elastohydrodynamic simulation of a DLC coated helical gear pair considering limiting shear stress behavior of the lubricant. Tribol Int 97:136-150 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Xiao Z L, Shi X. Investigation on stiffness and damping of transient non-Newtonian thermal elastohydrodynamic point contact for crowned herringbone gears. Tribol Int 137:102-112 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Torabi A, Akbarzadeh S, Salimpour M, Khonsari M M. On the running-in behavior of cam-follower mechanism. Tribol Int 118:301-313 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Shirzadegan M, Almqvist A, Larsson R. Fully coupled EHL model for simulation of finite length line cam-roller follower contacts. Tribol Int 103:584-598 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Pu W, Wang J X, Yang R S, Zhu D. Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with three-dimensional machined roughness in spiral bevel and hypoid gears. J Tribol 137(4):041503 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Cao W, Pu W, Wang J X, Xiao K. Effect of contact path on the mixed lubrication performance, friction and contact fatigue in spiral bevel gears. Tribol Int 123:359-371 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Zhang J G, Liu S J, Fang T. Determination of surface temperature rise with the coupled thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic analysis of spiral bevel gears. Appl Therm Eng 124:494-503 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Gan L, Xiao K, Wang J X, Pu W, Cao W. A numerical method to investigate the temperature behavior of spiral bevel gears under mixed lubrication condition. Appl Therm Eng 147:866-875 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Wang Z Z, Pu W, He T, Wang J X, Cao W. Numerical simulation of transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication for spiral bevel gears. Tribol Int 139:67-77 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Wang Z Z, Pu W, Zhang Y, Cao W. Transient behaviors of friction, temperature and fatigue in different contact trajectories for spiral bevel gears. Tribol Int 141:105965 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Qin W J, Chao J, Duan L J. Study on stiffness of elastohydrodynamic line contact. Mech Mach Theory 86:36-47 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Zhang Y Y, Liu H J, Zhu C C, Song C S, Li Z F. Influence of lubrication starvation and surface waviness on the oil film stiffness of elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact. J Vib Control 24(5):924-936 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Zhang Y Y, Liu H J, Zhu C C, Liu M Y, Song C S. Oil film stiffness and damping in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact-vibration. J Mech Sci Technol 30(7):3031-3039 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Zhou C J, Xiao Z L, Chen S Y, Han X. Normal and tangential oil film stiffness of modified spur gear with non-Newtonian elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Tribol Int 109:319-327 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Zhou C J, Xiao Z L. Stiffness and damping models for the oil film in line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication and applications in the gear drive. Appl Math Model 61:634-649 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Xiao Z L, Zhou C J, Li Z D, Zheng M. Thermo-mechanical characteristics of high-speed and heavy-load modified gears with elasto-hydrodynamic contacts. Tribol Int 131:406-414 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Xiao Z L, Zhou C J, Chen S Y, Li Z D. Effects of oil film stiffness and damping on spur gear dynamics. Nonlinear Dyn 96(1):145-159 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Cao W, Pu W, Wang J X. Tribo-dynamic model and fatigue life analysis of spiral bevel gears. Eur J Mech A/Solids 74:124-138 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Tsuha N A H, Cavalca K L. Finite line contact stiffness under elastohydrodynamic lubrication considering linear and nonlinear force models. Tribol Int 146:106219 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Zeng T. Spiral Bevel Design and Processing. Harbin (China): Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 1989.
Friction
Volume 10 Issue 4,
April 2022
Pages 545-559
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-020-0479-8
Cite this article:
WANG Z, PU W, PEI X, et al. Contact stiffness and damping of spiral bevel gears under transient mixed lubrication conditions. Friction, 2022, 10(4): 545-559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0479-8

825

Views

42

Downloads

14

Crossref

11

Web of Science

17

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 11 May 2020
Revised: 09 November 2020
Accepted: 01 December 2020
Published: 05 April 2022
© The author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return