AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Friction Article
PDF (1.9 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Optimizing the tribological performance of DLC-coated NBR rubber: The role of hydrogen in films

Changning BAI1,2,†, Li QIANG1,2,†, Bin ZHANG1,2( ), Kaixiong GAO1, Junyan ZHANG1,2( )
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

† Changning BAI and Li QIANG contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films directly deposited on rubber substrate is undoubtedly one optimal option to improve the tribological properties due to its ultralow friction, high-hardness as well as good chemical compatibility with rubber. Investigating the relationship between film structure and tribological performance is vital for protecting rubber. In this study it was demonstrated that the etching effect induced by hydrogen incorporation played positive roles in reducing surface roughness of DLC films. In addition, the water contact angle (CA) of DLC-coated nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was sensitive to the surface energy and sp2 carbon clustering of DLC films. Most importantly, the optimum tribological performance was obtained at the 29 at% H-containing DLC film coated on NBR, which mainly depended on the following key factors: (1) the DLC film with appropriate roughness matched the counterpart surface; (2) the contact area and surface energy controlled interface adhesive force; (3) the microstructure of DLC films impacted load-bearing capacity; and (4) the generation of graphitic phase acted as a solid lubricant. This understanding may draw inspiration for the fabrication of DLC films on rubber to achieve low friction coefficient.

Keywords

rubberDLC filmshydrogencontact angletribological performance

Electronic Supplementary Material

Download File(s)
101237TH-2022-6-866_ESM.pdf (475.9 KB)

References

[1]
Jiang B Q, Jia X H, Wang Z X, Wang T, Guo F, Wang Y M. Influence of thermal aging in oil on the friction and wear properties of nitrile butadiene rubber. Tribol Lett 67: 86 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[2]
Ahmed F S, Shafy M, Abd El-Megeed A A, Hegazi E M. The effect of γ-irradiation on acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NBR seal materials with different antioxidants. Mater Des 36(10): 823-828 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]
Wu J, Luo H, Li H H, Su B L, Wang Y S, Li Z. The influence of hydrothermal aging on the dynamic friction model of rubber seals. Polymers 12(1): 102 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]
Khafidh M, Schipper D J, Masen M A. The formation of a modified surface layer on elastomeric materials. Tribol Lett 67: 27 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]
Guo Y, Wang J X, Li K, Ding X W. Tribological properties and morphology of bimodal elastomeric nitrile butadiene rubber networks. Mater Des 52: 861-869 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]
Lubwama M, McDonnell K A, Kirabira J B, Sebbit A, Sayers K, Dowling D, Corcoran B. Characteristics and tribological performance of DLC and Si-DLC films deposited on nitrile rubber. Surf Coat Technol 206(22): 4585-4593 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]
Bai C N, Liang A M, Cao Z Y, Qiang L, Zhang J Y. Achieving a high adhesion and excellent wear resistance diamond-like carbon film coated on NBR rubber by Ar plasma pretreatment. Diam Relat Mater 89: 84-93 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]
Zhang Z X, Shen M X, Xiong G Y. Time-dependent effect on wetting and tribological properties of plasma-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) surface. Int J Mod Phys B 33: 1940050 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[9]
Li Y, Zhang X, Wang R J, Lei Y. Performance enhancement of rubberised concrete via surface modification of rubber: A review. Constr Build Mater 227: 116691 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]
Lv X R, Wang H M, Wang S J. Effect of swelling nitrile rubber in cyclohexane on its ageing, friction and wear characteristics. Wear 328-329: 414-421 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]
Martinez-Martinez D, De Hosson J Th M. On the deposition and properties of DLC protective coatings on elastomers: A critical review. Surf Coat Technol 258: 677-690 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]
Martínez-Martínez D, Nohava J, De Hosson J Th M. Influence of load on the dry frictional performance of alkyl acrylate copolymer elastomers coated with diamond-like carbon films. J Appl Phys 118: 175302 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]
Pei Y T, Eivani A R, Zaharia T, Kazantzis A V, van de Sanden M C M, De Hosson J Th M. High throughput deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon coatings on rubber with expanding thermal plasma. Surf Coat Technol 245: 74-83 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]
Schenkel M, Martinez-Martinez D, Pei Y T, De Hosson J Th M. Tribological performance of DLC films deposited on ACM rubber by PACVD. Surf Coat Technol 205(20): 4838-4843 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]
Yoshida S, Okoshi M, Inoue N. Femtosecond-pulsed laser deposition of diamond-like carbon films onto silicone rubber. J Phys Conf Ser 59: 368-371 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]
Qiang L, Bai C N, Liang A M, Zhang J Y. Enhancing the adhesion and tribological performance of Si-DLC film on NBR by Ar plasma pretreatment under a high bias. AIP Adv 9: 015301 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]
Qiang L, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Zhang J Y. Improving the internal stress and wear resistance of DLC film by low content Ti doping. Solid State Sci 20: 17-22 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]
Qiang L, Yu S C, Liu G Q, Tang H L, Zhang X K, Zhang J Y. Comparative study on the influence of bias on the properties of Si-DLC film with and without Si interlayer on NBR: The role of Si interlayer. Diam Relat Mater 101: 107614 (2020)
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]
Yang W, Xua D P, Gao Y, Hu L, Ke P L, Chen J. Microstructure, adhesion, in vitro corrosion resistance and tribological behavior of (Si:N)-DLC coated pure Ti. Diam Relat Mater 92: 109-116 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]
Thirumalai S, Hausberger A, Lackner J M, Waldhauser W, Schwarz Th. Effect of the type of elastomeric substrate on the microstructural, surface and tribological characteristics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. Surf Coat Technol 302: 244-254 (2016)
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]
Al-Azizi A A, Eryilmaz O, Erdemir A, Kim S H. Surface structure of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon: Origin of run-in behavior prior to superlubricious interfacial shear. Langmuir 31: 1711-1721 (2015)
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]
Kumar N, Ramadoss R, Kozakov A T, Sankaran K J, Dash S, Tyagi A K, Tai N H, Lin I N. Humidity-dependent friction mechanism in an ultrananocrystalline diamond film. J Phys D Appl Phys 46(27): 275501 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]
Martinez-Martinez D, Schenkel M, Pei Y T, De Hosson J T M. Microstructural and frictional control of diamond-like carbon films deposited on acrylic rubber by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. Thin Solid Films 519(7): 2213-2217 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]
Qiang L, Bai C N, Gong Z B, Liang A M, Zhang J Y. Microstructure, adhesion and tribological behaviors of Si interlayer/Si doping diamond-like carbon film developed on nitrile butadiene rubber. Diam Relat Mater 92: 208-218 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]
Kalin M, Polajnar M. The wetting of steel, DLC coatings, ceramics and polymers with oils and water: The importance and correlations of surface energy, surface tension, contact angle and spreading. Appl Surf Sci 293: 97-108 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]
Casiraghi C, Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Raman spectroscopy of hydrogenated amorphous carbons. Phys Rev B 72: 85401 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]
Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys Rev B 61: 14095-14107 (2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]
Manimunda P, Al-Azizi A, Kim S H, Chromik R R. Shear-induced structural changes and origin of ultralow friction of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) in dry environment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(19): 16704-16714 (2017)
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]
Casiraghi C, Piazza F, Ferrari A C, Grambole D, Robertson J. Bonding in hydrogenated diamond-like carbon by Raman spectroscopy. Diam Relat Mater 14(3-7): 1098-1102 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]
Deng X R, Leng Y X, Dong X, Sun H, Huang N. Effect of hydrogen flow on the properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films fabricated by electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Surf Coat Technol 206(5): 1007-1010 (2011)
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]
Zhou H Y, Watanabe J, Miyake M, Ogino A, Nagatsu M, Zhan R J. Optical and mass spectroscopy measurements of Ar/CH4/H2 microwave plasma for nano-crystalline diamond film deposition. Diam Relat Mater 16(4-7): 675-678 (2007)
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]
Sheng R D, Li L J, Su D Y, Peng J H, Gao J X, Zhao K L, Peng Z W. Effect of unbonded hydrogen on amorphous carbon film deposited by PECVD with annealing treatment. Diam Relat Mater 81: 146-153 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]
Erdemir A, Eryilmaz O L, Nilufer I B, Fenske G R. Synthesis of superlow-friction carbon films from highly hydrogenated methane plasmas. Surf Coat Technol 133-134: 448-454 (2000)
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]
Zhai Z H, Shen H L, Chen J Y, Li X M, Jiang Y. Evolution of structural and electrical properties of carbon films from amorphous carbon to nanocrystalline graphene on quartz glass by HFCVD. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(20): 17427-17436 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]
Liu J Q, Li L J, Wei B, Wen F, Cao H T, Pei Y T. Effect of sputtering pressure on the surface topography, structure, wettability and tribological performance of DLC films coated on rubber by magnetron sputtering. Surf Coat Technol 365(15): 33-40 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]
Liu J Q, Wu Z Y, Cao H T, Wen F, Pei Y T. Effect of bias voltage on the tribological and sealing properties of rubber seals modified by DLC films. Surf Coat Technol 360: 391-399 (2019)
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]
Ishikawa T, Choi J. The effect of microstructure on the tribological properties of a-C:H films. Diam Relat Mater 89(5): 94-100 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]
Mikami T, Nakazawa H, Kudo M, Mashita M. Effects of hydrogen on film properties of diamond-like carbon films prepared by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using hydrogen gas. Thin Solid Films 488(1-2): 87-92 (2005)
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]
Rose F, Wang N, Smith R, Xiao Q F, Inaba H, Matsumura T, Saito Y, Matsumoto H, Dai Q, Marchon B, Mangolini F, Carpick R W. Complete characterization by Raman spectroscopy of the structural properties of thin hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films exposed to rapid thermal annealing. J Appl Phys 116: 123516 (2014)
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]
Moghadam R Z, Ehsani M H, Dizaji H R, Kameli P, Jannesari M. Modification of hydrophobicity properties of diamond like carbon films using glancing angle deposition method. Mater Lett 220: 301-304 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]
Mabuchi Y, Higuchi T, Weihnacht V. Effect of sp2/sp3 bonding ratio and nitrogen content on friction properties of hydrogen-free DLC coatings. Tribol Int 62(2): 130-140 (2013)
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]
Pei Y T, Martinez-Martinez D, van der Pal J P, Bui X L, Zhou X B, De Hosson J Th M. Flexible diamond-like carbon films on rubber: Friction and the effect of viscoelastic deformation of rubber substrates. Acta Mater 60(20): 7216-7225 (2012)
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]
Thirumalai S, Hausberger A, Lackner J M, Waldhauser W, Schwarz T. Anode layer source plasma-assisted hybrid deposition and characterization of diamond-like carbon coatings deposited on flexible substrates. Thin Solid Films 655: 54-61 (2018)
Crossref Google Scholar
Friction
Volume 10 Issue 6,
June 2022
Pages 866-877
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-021-0498-0
Cite this article:
BAI C, QIANG L, ZHANG B, et al. Optimizing the tribological performance of DLC-coated NBR rubber: The role of hydrogen in films. Friction, 2022, 10(6): 866-877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0498-0

929

Views

36

Downloads

15

Crossref

16

Web of Science

16

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 25 April 2020
Revised: 31 December 2020
Accepted: 26 January 2021
Published: 24 June 2021
© The author(s) 2021.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Return