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Research Article | Open Access

Formulation of lyotropic liquid crystal emulsion based on natural sucrose ester and its tribological behavior as novel lubricant

Yumei GUO1,2, Jiusheng LI1, Xiaojie ZHOU3, Yuzhao TANG3, Xiangqiong ZENG1( )
Laboratory for Advanced Lubricating Materials, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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Abstract

The tribological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions formulated with natural lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) emulsifiers based on natural sucrose ester was studied for the first time. Polarized optical microscopy, synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy demonstrated that LLC emulsifiers were tightly ordered at the oil–water interface with a distinct nematic texture. The viscosity of emulsion was observed to change over time. Moreover, the zeta potential and laser particle size distribution verified the emulsion’s satisfactory stability. The frictional shearing test proved that the coefficient of friction of the emulsion versus pure oil decreased by 34.2%. The coefficient of friction of the emulsion with liquid crystal decreased 10.1% versus that without liquid crystal. Although liquid crystal emulsion did not exhibit outstanding anti-wear performance compared with pure oil, its wear volume was 29.4% less than the emulsion without liquid crystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) proved that the tribo-film of the emulsion with liquid crystal was formed synergistically by the liquid crystal phase with the base oil. The formulation affecting the lubricant quality was further studied by orthogonal experiments. The resulting Stribeck curve behavior suggested that proper composition with a slightly higher viscosity can better reduce friction in both boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication regimes. The lubrication mechanism indicated that the periodically ordered liquid crystal was transported to the sliding asperity in the form of emulsion droplets, which bored the pressure and released the oil to form a tribo-film. This LLC emulsion is environmentally friendly and potentially non-irritant to the skin. Thus, it has promising application prospects as novel water-based and biological lubricants.

Keywords

lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC)emulsionaqueous lubricationtribological behavior

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Friction
Volume 10 Issue 11,
November 2022
Pages 1879-1892
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-021-0565-6
Cite this article:
GUO Y, LI J, ZHOU X, et al. Formulation of lyotropic liquid crystal emulsion based on natural sucrose ester and its tribological behavior as novel lubricant. Friction, 2022, 10(11): 1879-1892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0565-6

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Received: 20 July 2021
Revised: 16 September 2021
Accepted: 19 October 2021
Published: 12 April 2022
© The author(s) 2021.

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