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Research Article | Open Access

Frictional shear stress of ZnO nanowires on natural and pyrolytic graphite substrates

Lizhen HOU1, Maofen HOU1, Tursunay YIBIBULLA2, James Lee MEAD3, Sergej FATIKOW3, Shiliang WANG2,4( ), Han HUANG4
Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Division Microrobotics and Control Engineering, Department of Computing Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg D-26129, Germany
School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

The friction behaviour of ZnO nanowires on natural graphite (NG) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates was tested in ambient conditions by use of optical microscopy based nanomanipulation. Nanowires on the step-free and waviness-free NG substrate exhibit a diameter-independent nominal frictional shear stress of 0.48 MPa, and this provides a benchmark for studying how the surface topography of graphite influences nanowire friction. Nanowires on the HOPG substrate present a significant diameter-dependent frictional shear stress, increasing from 0.25 to 2.78 MPa with the decrease of nanowire diameter from 485 to 142 nm. The waviness of HOPG has a limited effect on the nanowire friction, as a nanowire can fully conform to the substrate. The surface steps on the HOPG can significantly enhance the nanowire friction and lead to a much higher frictional shear stress than that on NG due to mechanical blocking and the presence of a Schwoebel barrier at step edges. The surface steps, however, can also generate small wedge-shaped gaps between a nanowire and substrate, and thus reduce the nanowire friction. With the decrease in nanowire diameter, the capacity for the nanowire to better conform to the substrate reduces the length of the wedge-shaped gaps, leading to the observed increase in nanowire friction. The results have improved our understanding of the unique friction behaviour of nanowires. Such an improved understanding is expected to benefit the design and operation of nanowire-friction-based devices, including bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives, soft grippers, rotary nanomotors, and triboelectric nanogenerators.

Keywords

graphitenanowiresfrictional shear stresssurface stepwaviness

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Friction
Volume 10 Issue 12,
December 2022
Pages 2059-2068
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-021-0577-2
Cite this article:
HOU L, HOU M, YIBIBULLA T, et al. Frictional shear stress of ZnO nanowires on natural and pyrolytic graphite substrates. Friction, 2022, 10(12): 2059-2068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0577-2

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Received: 13 August 2021
Revised: 23 October 2021
Accepted: 26 November 2021
Published: 28 April 2022
© The author(s) 2021.

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